Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Middle childhood is typically defined as the ages from ___ to ____

Answer 1

6 to 12 years old

Question 2

Characteristics of physical growth,BOY:

Answer 2

slightly heavier and taller, at age 9 to 10

more muscles

Question 3

Characteristics of physical growth , GIRL:

Answer 3

surpass boys height until about 14 or 13

develop more fat

Question 4

By the ages of __ to ___, children are showing the balance and coordination, and strength that allows them to engage in gymnastics and team sports

Answer 4

8 to 10 years old

Question 5

During these years, muscles grow stronger and _______ ________ that connect the cerebellum to the cortex becomes more myelinated

Answer 5

neural pathways

Question 6

The amount of time required to a stimulus

Answer 6

Reaction time

Question 7

A disorder characterized by excessive inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. Typically occurs at age seven. Impair’s children’s ability to function in school, and difficulty getting along well with others. more common in boys

Answer 7

ADHD

Question 8

Excessive restlessness and overactivity

Answer 8

hyperactivity

Question 9

Drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system

Answer 9

Stimulant

Question 10

________ are the most widespread treatment for ADHD, promoting the activity of the brain chemicals dopamine and noradrenaline , which stimulates the executive center of the brain to control more primitive areas of the brain

Answer 10

Ritalin

Question 11

Placing disabled children in classrooms with nondisabled children

Answer 11

mainstreaming

Question 12

The third stage in Piaget’s scheme, characterized by flexible, reversible thought concerning tangible objects and events

Answer 12

Concrete operational

Question 13

Simulataneous focusing on more than one aspect or dimension of a problem or situation

Answer 13

decentration

Question 14

The principle that if A>B and B>C, then A>C

Answer 14

transitivity

Question 15

Concrete operational children show understanding of the ______ ___ _________.

Answer 15

laws of conservation

Question 16

Placing objects in an order or series according to a property or trait

Answer 16

Seriation

Question 17

Piaget concluded that children’s moral judgements develpp in two overlapping stages: _____ ______ and ____ _____

Answer 17

moral realism and autonomous morals

Question 18

the judgement of acts as moral when they conform to authority or to the rules of the game

Answer 18

moral realism

Question 19

the perception of morality as objective, that is as existing outside the cognitive functioning of people

Answer 19

objective morality

Question 20

The view that retribution for wrongdoing is a direct consequence of the wrong doing

Answer 20

Immanent justice

Question 21

the second stage in Piaget’s cognitive development theory of moral development, in which children base moral judgments on the intentions of the wrongdoer and on the amount of damage done

Answer 21

Autonomous morality

Question 22

According to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are based largely on expectations of rewards or punishments

Answer 22

Preconventional level

Question 23

A period during which moral judgement is largely reflected by social rules and conventions

Answer 23

COnventional level

Question 24

A period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral stnadards

Answer 24

Postconventional level

Question 25

True or False Middle childhood, has the ability to focus one’s attention and screen out distractions

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Defined by Wechsler as the “ capacity to understand the world and the resourcefulness to cope with its challenges

Answer 26

Intelligence

Question 27

That which is attained by one’s efforts and presumed to be made possible by one’s abilities

Answer 27

achievement

Question 28

_________, suggested that behaviors we consider have a common underlying “Lil G” factor or general intelligence, which represents broad reasoning and problem solving abilities and that specific capacities or s factors account for certain individual abilities like music or poetry.

Answer 28

Charles Spearman

Question 29

_________, constructed a three-part or “triarchic” theory of intelligence. The parts are analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence (street smart)

Answer 29

Robert Sternberg

Question 30

A ratio obtained by dividing a child’s mental age ona n intelligent test bu is or her chronoligical age, a score on intelligence

Answer 30

Intelligence quotient