Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development Flashcards
Middle childhood is typically defined as the ages from ___ to ____
6 to 12 years old
Characteristics of physical growth,BOY:
slightly heavier and taller, at age 9 to 10
more muscles
Characteristics of physical growth , GIRL:
surpass boys height until about 14 or 13
develop more fat
By the ages of __ to ___, children are showing the balance and coordination, and strength that allows them to engage in gymnastics and team sports
8 to 10 years old
During these years, muscles grow stronger and _______ ________ that connect the cerebellum to the cortex becomes more myelinated
neural pathways
The amount of time required to a stimulus
Reaction time
A disorder characterized by excessive inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. Typically occurs at age seven. Impair’s children’s ability to function in school, and difficulty getting along well with others. more common in boys
ADHD
Excessive restlessness and overactivity
hyperactivity
Drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system
Stimulant
________ are the most widespread treatment for ADHD, promoting the activity of the brain chemicals dopamine and noradrenaline , which stimulates the executive center of the brain to control more primitive areas of the brain
Ritalin
Placing disabled children in classrooms with nondisabled children
mainstreaming
The third stage in Piaget’s scheme, characterized by flexible, reversible thought concerning tangible objects and events
Concrete operational
Simulataneous focusing on more than one aspect or dimension of a problem or situation
decentration
The principle that if A>B and B>C, then A>C
transitivity
Concrete operational children show understanding of the ______ ___ _________.
laws of conservation
Placing objects in an order or series according to a property or trait
Seriation
Piaget concluded that children’s moral judgements develpp in two overlapping stages: _____ ______ and ____ _____
moral realism and autonomous morals
the judgement of acts as moral when they conform to authority or to the rules of the game
moral realism
the perception of morality as objective, that is as existing outside the cognitive functioning of people
objective morality
The view that retribution for wrongdoing is a direct consequence of the wrong doing
Immanent justice
the second stage in Piaget’s cognitive development theory of moral development, in which children base moral judgments on the intentions of the wrongdoer and on the amount of damage done
Autonomous morality
According to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are based largely on expectations of rewards or punishments
Preconventional level
A period during which moral judgement is largely reflected by social rules and conventions
COnventional level
A period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral stnadards
Postconventional level
True or False Middle childhood, has the ability to focus one’s attention and screen out distractions
True
Defined by Wechsler as the “ capacity to understand the world and the resourcefulness to cope with its challenges
Intelligence
That which is attained by one’s efforts and presumed to be made possible by one’s abilities
achievement
_________, suggested that behaviors we consider have a common underlying “Lil G” factor or general intelligence, which represents broad reasoning and problem solving abilities and that specific capacities or s factors account for certain individual abilities like music or poetry.
Charles Spearman
_________, constructed a three-part or “triarchic” theory of intelligence. The parts are analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence (street smart)
Robert Sternberg
A ratio obtained by dividing a child’s mental age ona n intelligent test bu is or her chronoligical age, a score on intelligence
Intelligence quotient
