Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development Flashcards
True or false: The growth rate slows during the preschool years
True
By the age of five, the brain has reached _____ of it’s adult weight
90%
The parts of the brain that enable the child to sustain attention and screen out distractions becomes increasingly myelinated between the ages of about ____ to _______
four to seven
Left hemisphere is relatively more involved in
logical analysis, problem solving, language, and computation
Right Hemisphere is relatively more involved in
visual spatial functions, aesthetics, emotional responses, and understanding metaphors
The right and left hemisphere are aided in cooperation by the
corpus callosum
__________, the tendency of new parts of the brain to take up the functions of injured parts. Greatest at about one to two years of age
Plasticity
____________ involve the large muscles used in locomotion
Gross motor skills
Girls and boys are similar in motor skills however girls are better at _____ and ______; while boys are better at ______ and _______
Balancing and precision
Throwing and kicking
Preschoolers spend an average of more than __________ a week in large muscle activity, they are more likely to engage in physically oriented play such as grasping, banging, and mouthing objects
25 hours a week
____________ involve the small muscles used in manipulation and coordination, control over wrist and fingers
Fine motor skills
_____________ is linked to the the development of motor and cognitive skills
artistic development
Two to three years old need ______ to ______ calories of food per day
1,000 to 1,400 calories
four to eight years old require _______ to ______ calories of food per day depending on their growth and activity level
1,200-2,000 calories
Minor illnesses such as colds, diarrhea and vomiting are________ and in that most children come down with them
normal
Childhood illnesses can lead to the creation of ________, that aid in preventing the children from coming down with the same illnesses in adult hood
Antibodies
The single most common cause of death in early childhood is ___________
motor vehicle accidents
True or False: Girls are more likely than boys to incur accidental injuries at all ages and in all socioeconomic groups
False: Boys are more likely
________ frightening dreamlike experience that occur during the during the stage of non-REM sleep shortly after the child has gone to sleep
Sleep terrors
Sleepwalking, or ____________ is more common among children than adult, tends to occur during deep sleep. When children sleepwalk, they may arrange toys, go to the bathroom or go to the refrigerator and have a glass of milk. It is assumed to reflect the immaturity of the nervous system
Somnambulism
Most american children are toilet trained between the ages of ______ and ______
three and four
_________, failure to control the bladder once the normal age for achieving bladder control has been reached, Cut off at age five
Enuresis
_________, failure to control the bladder during the night, tends to occur during the deepest stage of sleep
bed-wetting
Soiling, ______, lack of control over the bowels , more common among boys, more likely to occur during the day
encopresis
