Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

True or false: The growth rate slows during the preschool years

Answer 1

True

Question 2

By the age of five, the brain has reached _____ of it’s adult weight

Answer 2

90%

Question 3

The parts of the brain that enable the child to sustain attention and screen out distractions becomes increasingly myelinated between the ages of about ____ to _______

Answer 3

four to seven

Question 4

Left hemisphere is relatively more involved in

Answer 4

logical analysis, problem solving, language, and computation

Question 5

Right Hemisphere is relatively more involved in

Answer 5

visual spatial functions, aesthetics, emotional responses, and understanding metaphors

Question 6

The right and left hemisphere are aided in cooperation by the

Answer 6

corpus callosum

Question 7

__________, the tendency of new parts of the brain to take up the functions of injured parts. Greatest at about one to two years of age

Answer 7

Plasticity

Question 8

____________ involve the large muscles used in locomotion

Answer 8

Gross motor skills

Question 9

Girls and boys are similar in motor skills however girls are better at _____ and ______; while boys are better at ______ and _______

Answer 9

Balancing and precision

Throwing and kicking

Question 10

Preschoolers spend an average of more than __________ a week in large muscle activity, they are more likely to engage in physically oriented play such as grasping, banging, and mouthing objects

Answer 10

25 hours a week

Question 11

____________ involve the small muscles used in manipulation and coordination, control over wrist and fingers

Answer 11

Fine motor skills

Question 12

_____________ is linked to the the development of motor and cognitive skills

Answer 12

artistic development

Question 13

Two to three years old need ______ to ______ calories of food per day

Answer 13

1,000 to 1,400 calories

Question 14

four to eight years old require _______ to ______ calories of food per day depending on their growth and activity level

Answer 14

1,200-2,000 calories

Question 15

Minor illnesses such as colds, diarrhea and vomiting are________ and in that most children come down with them

Answer 15

normal

Question 16

Childhood illnesses can lead to the creation of ________, that aid in preventing the children from coming down with the same illnesses in adult hood

Answer 16

Antibodies

Question 17

The single most common cause of death in early childhood is ___________

Answer 17

motor vehicle accidents

Question 18

True or False: Girls are more likely than boys to incur accidental injuries at all ages and in all socioeconomic groups

Answer 18

False: Boys are more likely

Question 19

________ frightening dreamlike experience that occur during the during the stage of non-REM sleep shortly after the child has gone to sleep

Answer 19

Sleep terrors

Question 20

Sleepwalking, or ____________ is more common among children than adult, tends to occur during deep sleep. When children sleepwalk, they may arrange toys, go to the bathroom or go to the refrigerator and have a glass of milk. It is assumed to reflect the immaturity of the nervous system

Answer 20

Somnambulism

Question 21

Most american children are toilet trained between the ages of ______ and ______

Answer 21

three and four

Question 22

_________, failure to control the bladder once the normal age for achieving bladder control has been reached, Cut off at age five

Answer 22

Enuresis

Question 23

_________, failure to control the bladder during the night, tends to occur during the deepest stage of sleep

Answer 23

bed-wetting

Question 24

Soiling, ______, lack of control over the bowels , more common among boys, more likely to occur during the day

Answer 24

encopresis

Question 25

According to Piaget, the _____________ stage of cognitive development lasts from about age two to age seven

Answer 25

Preoperational Stage

Question 26

_________ play in which children make believe that objects and toys are other than what they are. also called pretend play

Answer 26

symbollic play

Question 27

Children first engage in pretend play at about ___ to ___ months

Answer 27

12 to 13 months

Question 28

___________ _________ are an example of pretend play, most commonly found among first born and only children. DOES NOT mean that the children has problems with real relationships

Answer 28

Imaginary Companions

Question 29

One dimensional thinking, ________________, preoperational children do not understand that other people may have different perspectives on the world.

Answer 29

Egocentrism

Question 30

__________ a type of thought in which natural causes-and-effect relationship are attributed to will and other preoperational concepts

Answer 30

Precasual

Question 31

____________ reasoning from the specific to the specific

Answer 31

Transductive reasoning

Question 32

The attribution of life and intentionality to inanimate objects

Answer 32

animism

Question 33

the belief that environmental features were made by people

Answer 33

artificialism

Question 34

In cognitive psychology, the principle that properties of substance such as volume, mass, and number remain the same even when the shape or arrangement is altered

Answer 34

Conservation

Question 35

A preoperational child focuses or centers only one dimension at a time, a characteristic of thought that Piaget called

Answer 35

centration

Question 36

Categorizing a new object or concept as belonging to a broader group of objects or concepts

Answer 36

Class inclusion

Question 37

Vygotsky’s term for temporary cognitive structures or methods of solving problems that help the child as her or she learns to function independently

Answer 37

scaffolding

Question 38

_________ has great potential for teaching a variety of cognitive skills, social behaviors, and attitudes

Answer 38

Television

Question 39

A common sense of understanding of how the mind works, Piaget believe they were too egocentric yet studies have shown they have the ability to understand and seperate their beliefs from those of another person who has false knowledge of the situation

Answer 39

Theory of mind

Question 40

The difference between real events on the one hand and mental events, fantasies and misleading appearances on the other hand

Answer 40

Appearance-reality distinction

Question 41

Abstract, generalized accounts of familiar repeated events

Answer 41

scripts

Question 42

The memory of specific episodes or events

Answer 42

autobiographical memory

Question 43

A process of quickly determining a word’s meaning, which facilitates children’s vocabulary development

Answer 43

Fast mapping

Question 44

The assumption that words refer to whole objects and not to their component parts or characteristics

Answer 44

Whole-object assumption

Question 45

The assumption that objects have only one label

Answer 45

Contrast assumption