Adolescence: Physical And Cognitive Development Flashcards
Puberty is controlled by a __________ ______, involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, the gonads— ovaries and testes as well as hormones
Feedback loop
Primary sex characteristics consist of:
Structures that make reproduction possible:
Ovaries, vagina, uterus. And Fallopian tubes
Penis prostate gland and seminal vesicles
Secondary sex characteristics consist of:
Physical indicators of sexual maturation.
Breast development, deepening of the voice, facial and pubic hair
Development of girls during puberty:
Spurt in height earlier
Broader hips
More rounded, gain more fatty tissues
Development of Boys during puberty:
Voice deepens
Balls drop
More muscle mass
___________, first menstruation in the United States. Hypothesis: girls must reach a certain body weight.
Menarche
The stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce
Puberty
Positive aspects of early maturity in boys and girls:
Boys: more popular, admiration
Girls: popular in boys, awkward
Negative aspects of early maturity in boys and girls:
Boys: greater risk of aggression, and deliquency, sexual opportunities, substance abuse
Girls: psychological problems and substance abuse, lower grades and sexual endevours
__________ ________ in our society tend to be more preoccupied with body weight and slimmness than adolescent males
Adolescent females
Top 3 causes of death in adolescents
- accidents
- homicide
- suicide
________ _______: an eating disorder characterized by irrational fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and severe weight loss
Anorexia nervosa
_________ ________: an eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging as a means of controlling weight gain
Bulimia nervosa
A persistent pattern of use of a substance characterized by frequent intoxication: impairment of physical, social, or emotional well-being and possible physical addiction
Substance use disorder (substance abuse)
A characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in the level of usage of a substance
Abstinence syndrome
___________ slow the activity of the nerbous system and it includes alcohol, narcotics (heroin) and sedatives (meth). Distorts perception, impairs concentration hinders coordination and slurs the speech. Relief from pain, anxiety and tension
Depressants
___________ speed up the heartbeat and other bodily functions. Include Nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines.
Stimulants
___________ give rise to perceptual distortions called hallucinations which sometimes can be so strong as to be confused with reality. Include: Marijuana, Ecstasy, LSD, and PCP
Hallucinogens
The fourth stage in Piaget’s developmental theory, characterized by the capacity for flexible, reversible operations concerning abstract ideas and concepts such as symbols, statements, and theories
Formal operation
________ _______: Adolescents can project themselves into situations that transcend their immediate experience and becomes wrapped up in fantasy: WHAT IF’s
Hypothetical Thinking
________ ________ adolescent place themselves on stage, but surrounded by critics more than by admirers. Assume that other people are concerned with their appearance and behavior, more so than they really are
Imaginary audience
_________ _______ the belief that our feelings and ideas are special and unique and that we are invulnerable
Personal fable
According to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards.
Postconventional level
Pros of Adolescent Employment
- develop a sense of responsibility
- self-reliance
- discipline
- learning to appreciate the value of money
- positive work habits
Cons of Adolescent Employment
- more of an opportunity to access various substances
- lower grades
- delinquent behavior
- higher levels of psychological problems
