History, Theories and Methods Flashcards
The discipline that studies the physical, cognitive, social and emotional development of humans. It focuses on the many influences on behavior including the effects of the person’s physical, social, and cultural environment
Developmental psychology
________ believed that the child came into the world as TABULA RASA, a bland tablet or clean slate. He believed that social approval and disapproval are powerful tools of behaviors.
John Locke
________ a Swiss french philosopher, argued that children are inherently good and that, if allowed to express their natural impulses, they will develop into generous and moral individuals
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
_______ credited with founding child development as an academic discipline and bringing scientific attention to focus on the period of adolescence
Stanley Hall
_______ along with ______ developed the first standardized intelligence test
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
John B. Watson is the founder of _______, which viewed development in terms of learning theory. Nurture side, the importance of the physical and social environments
Behaviorism
Arnold Gesell expressed the opposing idea that biological _____ was the main principle of development. It is hereditary ballast which conserves and stabilizes growth of each individual infant. Focuses on the importance of physical aspects of growth and development
Maturation
Freuds theory: psychosexual theory
and unconsciousness
Oral, Anal, Phallic,Latency, and Genital
Id-pleasure principle
Ego-reality principle
SuperEgo-morality principle
Erik Erikson focuses on social relationship rather than sexual or aggressive instincts. He came up with the __________, which emphasizes the importance of social relationships and conscious choice through eight stages of development
Psychosocial development
Behaviorism solely focuses on
Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning
______ a cognitive oriented learning theory that emphasizes observational learning. Albert Bandure
Social cognitive theory
_______ the stage theory that holds that the child’s abilities to mentally represent the world and solve problems unfold as a result of the interaction and experience and the maturation of neurological structures
Cognitive developmental theory. JEAN PIAGET
an action pattern or mental structure that is involved in the acquisition and organization of knowledge. STEREOTYPE
scheme
The interaction between the organism and the environment, consisting of assimilation and accomodation
adaptation
The incorporation of new events or knowledge into existing schemes
assimilation
