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Human Development > Heredity and Prenatal Development > Flashcards

Heredity and Prenatal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Rod-shaped structures found in cells. Humans contains 46 ________ organized into three pairs.

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

_______ are the biochemical materials that regulate the development of traits

A

Genes

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3
Q

Genes are segments of strands of ______

A

DNA

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4
Q

The 23rd pair are ________ which look different from other chromosomes and determine our sex

A

Sex chromosome

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5
Q

A zygote that divides into two cells that seperate so that each develops into an individual with the same genetic makeuo

A

Monozygotic twins

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6
Q

Two ova in the same month and they are each fertilized by different sperm cells they develop into two fraternal twins

A

dizygotic twins

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7
Q

people who bear one dominant gene and one recessive gene for a trait are said to be _______

A

carriers

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8
Q

An abnormality caused by an extra chromosome on the 21st pair resulting in 47 chromosome. Round face protruding tongue, a broad flat nose, and a slopping fold of skin over the inner corner of the yes. deficit in cognitive development and motor development

A

Down’s Syndrome

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9
Q

A number of disorders stem from an abnormal number of sex chromosomes and are therefore called

A

sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities

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10
Q

males with XYY sex chromosomal structure were once called

A

supermales

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11
Q

_________ which is caused by an extra X sex chromosome, XXY males produce less testosterone than normal males. Secondary sex characteristics, voice, hair do not develop properly. Eventually develops enlarge breast

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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12
Q

__________ has a single X chromosome. The external genital of such girls are normal however their ovaries are poorly developed and they produce little estrogen. Shorter than average and are infertile

A

Turner Syndrome

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13
Q

Has an XXX sex chromosome, normal in appearance, show lower than average language skills and poorer memory for recent events. vagina is normal, increase incidence of infertility

A

Triple X syndrome

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14
Q

The enzyme disorder in which is transmitted by a recessive gene. Cannot metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine, so it builds up in their bodies and impairs the functioning of the central nervous system, resulting in mental retardation.

A

Phenylketonuria PKU

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15
Q

A fatal progressive degenerative disorder and a dominant trait. Uncontrollable muscle movements

A

Huntington’s Disease

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16
Q

Cause by a recessive gene, common in african americans. Red blood cells take on the shape of a sickle and clumo together obstructing small blood vessels and decreasing the oxygen supply

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

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17
Q

Cause by a recessive gene. It causes the central nervous system to degenerate resulting in death. most commonly found in Jewish Families

A

Tay-Sachs Disease

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18
Q

Caused by a recessive gene.Hereditary among European Americans. Excessive production of thick mucos that clogs the pancreas and lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis

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19
Q

A procedure for drawing and examing fetal cells sloughed off into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders

A

Amniocentesis

20
Q

A method for the prenatal detection of genetic abnormalities that samples the membrane enveloping the amniotic sac and fetus through the vagina

A

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

21
Q

Sound waves too high in pitch to be sensed by the human hear . obtain information about the fetus

A

Ultrasound

22
Q

the set of traits we inherit from our parents are referred as

A

genotypes

23
Q

The actual set of traits that we exhibit are called our

A

Phenotype

24
Q

The union of an ovum and a sperm cell

A

Conception

25
Q

List fourcharacteristics of OVA

A
  • women have 300,000-400,000 ova in each ovary
  • only ovulate 500 during our lifetime
  • produce estrogen and progesterone
  • menstruation cycle
26
Q

The inner lining of the uterus

A

endometrium

27
Q

Sperm __ sex chromosomes swims faster than Sperm __ chromosome.

A

Sperm Y, and Sperm X

28
Q

Prenatal development is divided into three periods, name them and the duration of their cycle

A 
Germinal period (1-2 weeks)
Embryonic period (2-8 weeks)
Fetal period (8 weeks- birth)
29
Q

The period from conception to implantation is called the

A

Germinal stage

30
Q

A stage within the germinal period of prenatal development in which the zygote has the form of a sphere of cells surrounding a cavity of fluid

A

blastocyst (baby)

31
Q

the platelike inner part of the blastocyst that differentiates into the ectoderm. mesoderm, endoderm of the embryo

A

Embryonic disk

32
Q

The outer part of the blastocyst from which the amniotic sac, placenta, and umbillical cord develop

A

Trophoblast

33
Q

The stage of prenatal development that last from implantation through the eight week of pregnancy; it is characterized by the development of the major organ system

A

Embryonic Stage

34
Q

Development follows ______ and _________ trends

A

cephalocaudal ( head to tail)

proximodistal (near to far)

35
Q

the outer layer of cells of the embryonic disk, _______ develops into the nervous system, sensory organs, nails, hair, teeth, and outer layer of skin

A

Ectoderm

36
Q

The inner layer, ______ forms the digestive and respiratory system, the liver, and the pancreas

A

endoderm

37
Q

The ________ develops into the excretory, reproductive, and circulatory system, the muscles, the skeleton, and the inner layer of the skin

A

mesoderm

38
Q

By the __ week , genetic code asserts itself, causing sex organs to differientiate

A

7th week

39
Q

_______ secretes hormones that preserve pregnancy, prepare breast for nursing and stimulate contractions

A

Placenta

40
Q

male sex hormones, testosterone

A

androgens

41
Q

The _____ stage lat from the third month to birth, major organ systems have been formed, further maturation of fetal organ systems and dramatic gains in size. Respond to external stimulation

A

Fetal stage

42
Q

The birth of a dead fetus due to malnutrition, and maternal obesity

A

stillbirth

43
Q

Environmental influences or agents that can damage the embryo or fetus

A

teratogens

44
Q

In this usage, a period during which an embryo is particularly vulnerable to a certain teratogen. Most vulnerable in the fourth through eight weeks

A

Critical period

45
Q

A synthetic hormone used to maintain pregnancy that can cause masculinization of the fetus

A

Progestin

46
Q

High doses of vitamin __ & ___ have been associated with central nervous system damage, small head size and heart defects

A

A and D

Human Development (17 decks)

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