Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Question 1

_____ _______ defines attachment as an enduring emotional bond between one animal or person and another. Essential for survival.

Answer 1

Mary Ainsworth

Question 2

An affectional bond characterized by seeking closeness with another and distress upon separation

Answer 2

Attachment

Question 3

fear of seperation from a target of attachment

Answer 3

Separation anxiety

Question 4

A type of attachment characterized by mild distress at leave-takings and being readily soothed by reunion

Answer 4

Secure attachment

Question 5

Attachment behavior characterized by avoiding caregiver, excessive clinging or inconsistency

Answer 5

Insecure attachment

Question 6

There are two major types of insecurity attachments

Answer 6

Avoidant and Ambivalent resistant attachment

Question 7

A type of insecure attachment characterized by apparent indifferences to leave-takings by and reunions with an attachment figure. Show the least distress, play without fuss, and ignore mothers

Answer 7

Avoidant attachment

Question 8

A type of insecure attachment characterized by severe distress at leave-takings and ambivalent behavior at reunions.

Answer 8

Ambivalent/ resistant

Question 9

A type of insecure attachment characterized by dazed and contradictory behaviors toward an attachment figure.. Moving toward the mother while looking away

Answer 9

Disorganized/ disoriented

Question 10

_______ infants and toddlers are happier, more sociable, and more cooperative with caregivers

Answer 10

Secure infants

Question 11

Most father are more likely to…..?

Answer 11

Play with their children, and engage in rough and tumble play

Question 12

The parents of secure infants are more ______-?

Answer 12

Affectionate, cooperative, and predictable

Question 13

The display of attachment behaviors towards any person

Answer 13

indiscriminate attachment

Question 14

There are three phases of attachment

Answer 14

Initial-preattachment phase
attachment-in-the-making phase
Clear-cut attachment phase

Question 15

Characteristics of Initial-preattachment phase:

Answer 15

birth to three months

indiscriminate attachment

Question 16

Characteristics of Attachment-in-the-making phase

Answer 16

3-4 months

preference of familiar figures

Question 17

Characteristics of Clear-cut Attachment phase

Answer 17

6-7 months

intensified dependence on the primary caregiver

Question 18

__________ view of attachment: infant must develop the concept of object permanence before specific attachment becomes possible, 6-7 months

Answer 18

Cognitive View of Attachment

Question 19

_________ view of attachment: attachment behaviors are conditioned. Caregivers feed their infants and tend to their physiological needs. Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 19

Behavioral View of attachment

Question 20

_________ view of attachment: love object who forms the basis for all later attachments. Sigmund Freud, oral activities. Erik Erikson Trust vs Mistrust

Answer 20

Psychoanalytic View of Attachment

Question 21

________ and __________ conducted classic experiments to demonstrate that feeding is not as critical to the attachment process; Rhesus monkey, two mother, one wire with food, other soft and comfy

Answer 21

Harry and Margaret Harlow

Question 22

The pleasure derived from physical contact with another

Answer 22

Contact comfort

Question 23

A scientist who studies the behavior patterns characteristics of various species

Answer 23

Ethologist

Question 24

A smile that occurs in response to a human voice or face

Answer 24

Social smile

Question 25

The process by which waterfowl become attached to the first moving object they follow, Konrad Lorenz, ducklings

Answer 25

Imprinting

Question 26

Social deprivation/ social confinement led to

Answer 26

infants being withdrawn and rocked back and forth, in the corner, avoiding others

Question 27

__________ is responsible for more injuries and deaths than abuse

Answer 27

Child neglect

Question 28

Abused children characteristics:

Answer 28

high incidence of social and personal problems insecure, withdrawn from peers angry, aggressive, delinquency and sexual behavior and substance abuse

Question 29

Causes of Child Abuse

Answer 29

``` stress history of child abuse lack of child caring skills unrealistic expectations substance abuse ```

Question 30

Developmental disorders characterized by impairment in communication and social skills, and by repetitive, stereotyped behavior

Answer 30

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 31

Characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behavior but without significant cognitive or lanuage delays associated with autism

Answer 31

Asperger's disorder

Question 32

A disorder characterized by extreme aloneness, communication problems, preservations of sameness and ritualistic behavior. CONSTANT ROUTINE. Treatment: behavior of modification

Answer 32

AUTISM

Question 33

True or false: there is no connection between the development of autism and the use of vaccines or deficiencies in child rearing

Answer 33

True

Question 34

__________ appear to be the universal in that they are recognized in different cultures around the world

Answer 34

Facial Expressions

Question 35

Infant's initial emotional expressions appear to comprise two basic states of emotional arousal:

Answer 35

positive attraction to pleasant stimulation | withdrawal from aversive stimulation

Question 36

Fear of stranger, IS NORMSL,6-9 months of age

Answer 36

Stranger anxiety

Question 37

Using another persons reaction to a situation to form ones own response, As early as 6 months of age.

Answer 37

Social Referencing

Question 38

Social Referencing requires three components:

Answer 38

looking at another older individual in a novel ambigous situation association of emotional response with the unfamiliar situation regulating their own emotional response in accord with the response of the older individual

Question 39

Techniques for controlling one's emotional states

Answer 39

Emotional Regulation

Question 40

Children of _________ are not only likely to be securely attached themselves but also are likely to regulate their own emotions in a positive manner

Answer 40

Secure mothers

Question 41

__________ affects the infant's social and emotional development , permits the infant and the child to develop notions of sharing and cooperation. Development of Self conscious emotions such as embarrassment, envy, empathy, pride, guilt, and shame

Answer 41

Self Awareness

Question 42

Individual differences in style of reaction that is present early in life, genetic componenet

Answer 42

Temperament

Question 43

Three types of temperament

Answer 43

Easy------ predicatble, regular sleep/eating, cheerful Difficult--- unpredictable, irregular sleep/eating, crying Slow-to-warm-up-- both characteristics

Question 44

Agreement between the parent's expectations of a child and the child's temperament

Answer 44

Goodness of Fit