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Human Development > Infancy: Social and Emotional Development > Flashcards

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development Flashcards

1
Q

_____ _______ defines attachment as an enduring emotional bond between one animal or person and another. Essential for survival.

A

Mary Ainsworth

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2
Q

An affectional bond characterized by seeking closeness with another and distress upon separation

A

Attachment

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3
Q

fear of seperation from a target of attachment

A

Separation anxiety

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4
Q

A type of attachment characterized by mild distress at leave-takings and being readily soothed by reunion

A

Secure attachment

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5
Q

Attachment behavior characterized by avoiding caregiver, excessive clinging or inconsistency

A

Insecure attachment

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6
Q

There are two major types of insecurity attachments

A

Avoidant and Ambivalent resistant attachment

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7
Q

A type of insecure attachment characterized by apparent indifferences to leave-takings by and reunions with an attachment figure. Show the least distress, play without fuss, and ignore mothers

A

Avoidant attachment

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8
Q

A type of insecure attachment characterized by severe distress at leave-takings and ambivalent behavior at reunions.

A

Ambivalent/ resistant

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9
Q

A type of insecure attachment characterized by dazed and contradictory behaviors toward an attachment figure.. Moving toward the mother while looking away

A

Disorganized/ disoriented

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10
Q

_______ infants and toddlers are happier, more sociable, and more cooperative with caregivers

A

Secure infants

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11
Q

Most father are more likely to…..?

A

Play with their children, and engage in rough and tumble play

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12
Q

The parents of secure infants are more ______-?

A

Affectionate, cooperative, and predictable

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13
Q

The display of attachment behaviors towards any person

A

indiscriminate attachment

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14
Q

There are three phases of attachment

A

Initial-preattachment phase
attachment-in-the-making phase
Clear-cut attachment phase

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15
Q

Characteristics of Initial-preattachment phase:

A

birth to three months

indiscriminate attachment

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16
Q

Characteristics of Attachment-in-the-making phase

A

3-4 months

preference of familiar figures

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17
Q

Characteristics of Clear-cut Attachment phase

A

6-7 months

intensified dependence on the primary caregiver

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18
Q

__________ view of attachment: infant must develop the concept of object permanence before specific attachment becomes possible, 6-7 months

A

Cognitive View of Attachment

19
Q

_________ view of attachment: attachment behaviors are conditioned. Caregivers feed their infants and tend to their physiological needs. Conditioned Reinforcer

A

Behavioral View of attachment

20
Q

_________ view of attachment: love object who forms the basis for all later attachments. Sigmund Freud, oral activities. Erik Erikson Trust vs Mistrust

A

Psychoanalytic View of Attachment

21
Q

________ and __________ conducted classic experiments to demonstrate that feeding is not as critical to the attachment process; Rhesus monkey, two mother, one wire with food, other soft and comfy

A

Harry and Margaret Harlow

22
Q

The pleasure derived from physical contact with another

A

Contact comfort

23
Q

A scientist who studies the behavior patterns characteristics of various species

A

Ethologist

24
Q

A smile that occurs in response to a human voice or face

A

Social smile

25
Q

The process by which waterfowl become attached to the first moving object they follow, Konrad Lorenz, ducklings

A

Imprinting

26
Q

Social deprivation/ social confinement led to

A

infants being withdrawn and rocked back and forth, in the corner, avoiding others

27
Q

__________ is responsible for more injuries and deaths than abuse

A

Child neglect

28
Q

Abused children characteristics:

A

high incidence of social and personal problems
insecure, withdrawn from peers
angry, aggressive, delinquency and sexual behavior and substance abuse

29
Q

Causes of Child Abuse

A 
stress
history of child abuse
lack of child caring skills
unrealistic expectations
substance abuse
30
Q

Developmental disorders characterized by impairment in communication and social skills, and by repetitive, stereotyped behavior

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

31
Q

Characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behavior but without significant cognitive or lanuage delays associated with autism

A

Asperger’s disorder

32
Q

A disorder characterized by extreme aloneness, communication problems, preservations of sameness and ritualistic behavior. CONSTANT ROUTINE. Treatment: behavior of modification

A

AUTISM

33
Q

True or false: there is no connection between the development of autism and the use of vaccines or deficiencies in child rearing

A

True

34
Q

__________ appear to be the universal in that they are recognized in different cultures around the world

A

Facial Expressions

35
Q

Infant’s initial emotional expressions appear to comprise two basic states of emotional arousal:

A

positive attraction to pleasant stimulation

withdrawal from aversive stimulation

36
Q

Fear of stranger, IS NORMSL,6-9 months of age

A

Stranger anxiety

37
Q

Using another persons reaction to a situation to form ones own response, As early as 6 months of age.

A

Social Referencing

38
Q

Social Referencing requires three components:

A

looking at another older individual in a novel ambigous situation
association of emotional response with the unfamiliar situation
regulating their own emotional response in accord with the response of the older individual

39
Q

Techniques for controlling one’s emotional states

A

Emotional Regulation

40
Q

Children of _________ are not only likely to be securely attached themselves but also are likely to regulate their own emotions in a positive manner

A

Secure mothers

41
Q

__________ affects the infant’s social and emotional development , permits the infant and the child to develop notions of sharing and cooperation. Development of Self conscious emotions such as embarrassment, envy, empathy, pride, guilt, and shame

A

Self Awareness

42
Q

Individual differences in style of reaction that is present early in life, genetic componenet

A

Temperament

43
Q

Three types of temperament

A

Easy—— predicatble, regular sleep/eating, cheerful
Difficult— unpredictable, irregular sleep/eating, crying
Slow-to-warm-up– both characteristics

44
Q

Agreement between the parent’s expectations of a child and the child’s temperament

A

Goodness of Fit

Human Development (17 decks)

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