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Dental Science > Microscopic Anatomy of Enamel, Dentin, Pulp > Flashcards

Microscopic Anatomy of Enamel, Dentin, Pulp Flashcards

Exam 2 Prep OBJECTIVES

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1
Q

What is the function of enamel?

A
  • Hardest material in body
  • Provides hard surface for chewing and speech
  • Resists diseases such as dental caries as well as fractures
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2
Q

What are the components of dentin?

A
  • Dentinal Tubule
  • Dentinal Fluid
  • Odontoblastic Process
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3
Q

How is enamel produced?

A
  • Enamel is produced by ameloblasts
  • Is laid down in layers
  • Begins at the crown tips and moves cervically
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4
Q

Discuss the use of fluorides in prevention and

remineralization

A

Post-eruptive maturation/mineralization of enamel is due to mineral deposition such as fluoride and calcium from the saliva into
hypomineralized areas of enamel

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5
Q

Enamel matrix

A

30% mineralized

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6
Q

What are the different pulpal zones?

A

Odontoblastic Layer
Cell-free zone
Cell-rich zone
Pulpal Core

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7
Q

Discuss the changes to the pulp that come with aging

A

DECREASE in cellular substance as it fills with increased amount of collagen fibers

  • Decrease in numbers of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • Pulp becomes more fibrotic with age
  • Pulp cavity may be made smaller by the addition of secondary or tertiary dentin
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8
Q

Outer layer of crown

A

enamel

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9
Q

Composed of a crystalline material that is the

hardest material in the body

A

enamel

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10
Q

Avascular

A

enamel

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11
Q

Crystalline formation consists of mainly calcium hydroxyapatite

A

enamel

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12
Q

96% inorganic

A

Enamel

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13
Q

Provides hard surface for chewing and speech

A

Enamel

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14
Q

Resists diseases such as dental caries as well as fractures

A

Enamel

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15
Q

Outer pulpal wall, consists of cell bodies of odontoblasts

A

Odontoblastic layer

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16
Q

What is the cell-free zone?

A

Contains fewer cells than
odontoblastic layer; nerve and
capillary plexus is located here

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17
Q

What is the cell rich zone?

A

Contains increased density of
cells and has a more extensive
vascular system

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18
Q

What is the pulpal core?

A

Located in the center of the pulp chamber, has many cells and an extensive vascular supply

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19
Q

What is the function of dentin?

A
  • Absorbs forces, shock, absorber
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20
Q

describe the location of pulp

A
  • Contained within pulp chamber
  • Coronal Pulp/Pulp Horns
  • Radicular Pulp/Canals
  • Apical Foramen/Opening from pulp at the root tip
  • Accessory canals
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21
Q

What is the function of pulp?

A
  • Nutritive and supportive layer

- Cells can transform into fibroblast and odontoblast if needed after injury

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22
Q

Location of dentin

A

-Middle layer of crown and root

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23
Q

Location of enamel

A

Is laid down in layers

-Begins at the crown tips and moves cervically

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24
Q

What are enamel rods and where are they located?

A
  • Keyhole shape stacked in rows

- Extend from enamel from the DEJ to the outer surface

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25
Q

What are dentinal tubules and where are they located?

A

Long tubes in dentin that extend from DEJ and DCJ to pulp

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26
Q

Where is the dentinal fluid located?

A

Located in tubule and surrounds the odontoblastic process

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27
Q

What and where is the odontoblastic process ?

A

Cellular extension of odontoblast located in tubule

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28
Q

What are the components of pulp?

A
  • Fibroblasts are largest group of cells, followed
    by odontoblasts
    -Pulp also contains undifferentiated cells
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29
Q

Describe the processes/features of apposition

and maturation dentin?

A
  • Dentinal tubules extend from the DEJ or DCJ to the outer wall of the pulp
  • Odontoblastic process located within the dentinal tubules
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30
Q

What does odontoblasts lay down?

A

pre-dentin

31
Q

What do mesenchymal cells make?

A

fibroblast

32
Q

What are pulp stones?

A

calcified masses of

dentin; can be free or attached to the dentin

33
Q

What do the undifferentiated calls transform into?

A

These cells can transform into fibroblasts and odontoblasts if needed after injury​

34
Q

describe the lines of Retzius

A

incremental lines that stain brown on prep, show bands on the enamel rods; looks like growth rings in a tree

35
Q

describe the neonatal line

A

accentuated line of Retzius that reflects the stress or trauma experienced by the ameloblasts during birth​

36
Q

describe the enamel spindles

A

result from odontoblasts that crossed the basement membrane; dentinal tubules become trapped in enamel matrix

37
Q

describe the hunter-scheger bands

A

Enamel gets its strength from the crystals in the rod groups bending right and left in slightly different areas than the surrounding groups

38
Q

describe enamel tufts

A

look like small dark brushes with their bases near the DEJ; are an anomaly of crystallization, have no

39
Q

describe enamel lamellae

A

partially calcified vertical sheets of enamel matrix that extend from DEJ to outer surface​

40
Q

What is the crystalline structural unit of enamel called?

A

enamel rods

41
Q

What are the raised ridges in enamel?

A

imbrication lines

42
Q

What are the grooves in enamel?

A

perikymata

43
Q

What percentage inorganic is dentin?

A

70%

44
Q

What are the processes of enamel maturation/apposition?

A

Enamel tufts, enamel lamellae, imbrication lines, hunter-scheger bands, lines of reitzus, neonatal line, and enamel spindles

45
Q

What is Attrition?

A

loss through tooth-to-tooth wear​

46
Q

List the diseases that effect enamel?

A 
Attrition
Erosion
Abrasion
Caries
Abfraction
47
Q

What is abfraction?

A

loss through tensile and compressive forces during tooth flexure

48
Q

What are caries?

A

loss through chemical means from cariogenic bacteria (also acid)​

49
Q

What is erosion?

A

loss through chemical means not involving bacteria (ex. Soda or gastric acid)​

50
Q

What is abrasion?

A

loss through friction from toothbrushing and/or toothpaste

51
Q

What are the types of dentin?

A 
Peritubular Dentin​
Intertubluar Dentin​
Mantel Dentin​
Circumpulpal Dentin​
Primary Dentin​
Secondary Dentin​
Tertiary Dentin (reparative dentin)​
52
Q

What is the first pre-dentin that forms called?

A

Mantel dentin

53
Q

Describe Peritubular Dentin

A

wall of tubules

54
Q

Describe Intertubluar Dentin

A

between the tubules

55
Q

Describe Mantel dentin

A

outermost layer

56
Q

Describe Circumpulpal Dentin

A

layer around outer pulp wall

57
Q

Describe Primary dentin

A

Formed before completion of apical foramen

58
Q

Describe secondary dentin

A

Formed after completion of apical foramen

59
Q

Describe Tertiary Dentin (reparative dentin)

A

formed as result to injury

60
Q

What are the stages of Dentin maturation?

A

primary mineralization​

secondary mineralization

61
Q

What happens during dentin primary mineralization?

A

the collagen fibers of the predentin, expanding and fusing together

62
Q

What happens during dentin secondary mineralization?

A

new areas of mineralization occur as globules form in the partially mineralized predentin. regularly layered on the initial crystals

63
Q

What is globular dentin?

A

where both primary and secondary mineralization have occurred​

64
Q

What is interglobular dentin?

A

areas where only primary mineralization has occurred

65
Q

What are the different types of curvature tubules of dentin?

A

Primary curvature

Secondary curvature

66
Q

Describe the primary curvature of dentin?

A

overall tubule course, resembling a large S-shape​

67
Q

Describe the secondary curvature of dentin?

A

smaller curves reflecting smaller daily changes in odontoblastic direction​

68
Q

List the microscopic features of dentin?

A

Imbrication lines of Von Ebner

Contour lines of Owen

69
Q

describe the imbrication lines of Von Ebner

A

incremental lines or bands that stain darkly and can be likened to growth rings (like lines of Retzius in enamel)​

70
Q

Describe the contours lines of Owen

A

a number of adjoining parallel imbrication lines that are present in stained dentin; they represent a disturbance in body metabolism that affects the odontoblasts (most pronounced is neonatal line)​

71
Q

How much of population has an overlap of gingiva over CEJ?

A

60%

72
Q

How much of population has their MEET the CEJ?

A

30%

73
Q

How much of population has an gap of gingiva and can clearly see the CEJ?

A

10%

Dental Science (27 decks)

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