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Dental Science > Microscopic Anatomy of Enamel, Dentin, Pulp > Flashcards

Microscopic Anatomy of Enamel, Dentin, Pulp Flashcards

Exam 2 Prep OBJECTIVES

1
Q

What is the function of enamel?

A
  • Hardest material in body
  • Provides hard surface for chewing and speech
  • Resists diseases such as dental caries as well as fractures
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2
Q

What are the components of dentin?

A
  • Dentinal Tubule
  • Dentinal Fluid
  • Odontoblastic Process
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3
Q

How is enamel produced?

A
  • Enamel is produced by ameloblasts
  • Is laid down in layers
  • Begins at the crown tips and moves cervically
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4
Q

Discuss the use of fluorides in prevention and

remineralization

A

Post-eruptive maturation/mineralization of enamel is due to mineral deposition such as fluoride and calcium from the saliva into
hypomineralized areas of enamel

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5
Q

Enamel matrix

A

30% mineralized

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6
Q

What are the different pulpal zones?

A

Odontoblastic Layer
Cell-free zone
Cell-rich zone
Pulpal Core

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7
Q

Discuss the changes to the pulp that come with aging

A

DECREASE in cellular substance as it fills with increased amount of collagen fibers

  • Decrease in numbers of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • Pulp becomes more fibrotic with age
  • Pulp cavity may be made smaller by the addition of secondary or tertiary dentin
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8
Q

Outer layer of crown

A

enamel

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9
Q

Composed of a crystalline material that is the

hardest material in the body

A

enamel

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10
Q

Avascular

A

enamel

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11
Q

Crystalline formation consists of mainly calcium hydroxyapatite

A

enamel

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12
Q

96% inorganic

A

Enamel

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13
Q

Provides hard surface for chewing and speech

A

Enamel

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14
Q

Resists diseases such as dental caries as well as fractures

A

Enamel

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15
Q

Outer pulpal wall, consists of cell bodies of odontoblasts

A

Odontoblastic layer

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16
Q

What is the cell-free zone?

A

Contains fewer cells than
odontoblastic layer; nerve and
capillary plexus is located here

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17
Q

What is the cell rich zone?

A

Contains increased density of
cells and has a more extensive
vascular system

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18
Q

What is the pulpal core?

A

Located in the center of the pulp chamber, has many cells and an extensive vascular supply

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19
Q

What is the function of dentin?

A
  • Absorbs forces, shock, absorber
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20
Q

describe the location of pulp

A
  • Contained within pulp chamber
  • Coronal Pulp/Pulp Horns
  • Radicular Pulp/Canals
  • Apical Foramen/Opening from pulp at the root tip
  • Accessory canals
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21
Q

What is the function of pulp?

A
  • Nutritive and supportive layer

- Cells can transform into fibroblast and odontoblast if needed after injury

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22
Q

Location of dentin

A

-Middle layer of crown and root

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23
Q

Location of enamel

A

Is laid down in layers

-Begins at the crown tips and moves cervically

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24
Q

What are enamel rods and where are they located?

A
  • Keyhole shape stacked in rows

- Extend from enamel from the DEJ to the outer surface

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25
What are dentinal tubules and where are they located?
Long tubes in dentin that extend from DEJ and DCJ to pulp
26
Where is the dentinal fluid located?
Located in tubule and surrounds the odontoblastic process
27
What and where is the odontoblastic process ?
Cellular extension of odontoblast located in tubule
28
What are the components of pulp?
- Fibroblasts are largest group of cells, followed by odontoblasts -Pulp also contains undifferentiated cells
29
Describe the processes/features of apposition | and maturation dentin?
- Dentinal tubules extend from the DEJ or DCJ to the outer wall of the pulp - Odontoblastic process located within the dentinal tubules
30
What does odontoblasts lay down?
pre-dentin
31
What do mesenchymal cells make?
fibroblast
32
What are pulp stones?
calcified masses of | dentin; can be free or attached to the dentin
33
What do the undifferentiated calls transform into?
These cells can transform into fibroblasts and odontoblasts if needed after injury​
34
describe the lines of Retzius
incremental lines that stain brown on prep, show bands on the enamel rods; looks like growth rings in a tree
35
describe the neonatal line
accentuated line of Retzius that reflects the stress or trauma experienced by the ameloblasts during birth​
36
describe the enamel spindles
result from odontoblasts that crossed the basement membrane; dentinal tubules become trapped in enamel matrix
37
describe the hunter-scheger bands
Enamel gets its strength from the crystals in the rod groups bending right and left in slightly different areas than the surrounding groups
38
describe enamel tufts
look like small dark brushes with their bases near the DEJ; are an anomaly of crystallization, have no
39
describe enamel lamellae
partially calcified vertical sheets of enamel matrix that extend from DEJ to outer surface​
40
What is the crystalline structural unit of enamel called?
enamel rods
41
What are the raised ridges in enamel?
imbrication lines
42
What are the grooves in enamel?
perikymata
43
What percentage inorganic is dentin?
70%
44
What are the processes of enamel maturation/apposition?
Enamel tufts, enamel lamellae, imbrication lines, hunter-scheger bands, lines of reitzus, neonatal line, and enamel spindles
45
What is Attrition?
loss through tooth-to-tooth wear​
46
List the diseases that effect enamel?
``` Attrition Erosion Abrasion Caries Abfraction ```
47
What is abfraction?
loss through tensile and compressive forces during tooth flexure
48
What are caries?
loss through chemical means from cariogenic bacteria (also acid)​
49
What is erosion?
loss through chemical means not involving bacteria (ex. Soda or gastric acid)​
50
What is abrasion?
loss through friction from toothbrushing and/or toothpaste
51
What are the types of dentin?
``` Peritubular Dentin​ Intertubluar Dentin​ Mantel Dentin​ Circumpulpal Dentin​ Primary Dentin​ Secondary Dentin​ Tertiary Dentin (reparative dentin)​ ```
52
What is the first pre-dentin that forms called?
Mantel dentin
53
Describe Peritubular Dentin
wall of tubules
54
Describe Intertubluar Dentin
between the tubules
55
Describe Mantel dentin
outermost layer
56
Describe Circumpulpal Dentin
layer around outer pulp wall
57
Describe Primary dentin
Formed before completion of apical foramen
58
Describe secondary dentin
Formed after completion of apical foramen
59
Describe Tertiary Dentin (reparative dentin)
formed as result to injury
60
What are the stages of Dentin maturation?
primary mineralization​ | secondary mineralization
61
What happens during dentin primary mineralization?
the collagen fibers of the predentin, expanding and fusing together
62
What happens during dentin secondary mineralization?
new areas of mineralization occur as globules form in the partially mineralized predentin. regularly layered on the initial crystals
63
What is globular dentin?
where both primary and secondary mineralization have occurred​
64
What is interglobular dentin?
areas where only primary mineralization has occurred
65
What are the different types of curvature tubules of dentin?
Primary curvature | Secondary curvature
66
Describe the primary curvature of dentin?
overall tubule course, resembling a large S-shape​
67
Describe the secondary curvature of dentin?
smaller curves reflecting smaller daily changes in odontoblastic direction​
68
List the microscopic features of dentin?
Imbrication lines of Von Ebner | Contour lines of Owen
69
describe the imbrication lines of Von Ebner
incremental lines or bands that stain darkly and can be likened to growth rings (like lines of Retzius in enamel)​
70
Describe the contours lines of Owen
a number of adjoining parallel imbrication lines that are present in stained dentin; they represent a disturbance in body metabolism that affects the odontoblasts (most pronounced is neonatal line)​
71
How much of population has an overlap of gingiva over CEJ?
60%
72
How much of population has their MEET the CEJ?
30%
73
How much of population has an gap of gingiva and can clearly see the CEJ?
10%

Dental Science (27 decks)

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