Microscopic Anatomy of Attachment Apparatus Flashcards by Brooke Lynn

What are the components of bone?

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State the percentages of inorganic and organic components of bone

50-50% inorganic/organic balance—like

cementum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the structural components of bone?

Periosteum 
Endosteum
Compact Bone
Cancellous bone (spongy)
Medullary cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a fenestration?

A defect in the alveolar bone. Hole present in the cortical

plate (window/porthole appearance)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is intramembranous ossification?

The process for developing flat bones, especially those
found in the skull, clavicle, maxilla and mandible.
Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is NOT
involved or present in this process.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of cementum?

Its the part of the peridontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring
the periodontal ligament; hard tissue, thickest at the
apex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is acellular cementum?

First layers of cementum

deposited at the DCJ (AKA primary cementum)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some additional functions of the PDL?

Maintains gingiva in proper
relationship to the teeth
Shock absorber
Serves as periosteum for cementum and alveolar bone
Nutritive support (BV) for the cells of the ligament,
cementum, and alveolar bone
Nerve supply provides proprioception for chewing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What cells are in the PDL?

Fibroblast most common; also has osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and odontoclasts;
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 5 principal periodontal fiber groups of the PDL?

Alveolar Crest Fibers
Horizontal Fibers
Oblique Fibers
Apical Fibers
Interradicular fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 gingival tissue types?

Sulcular Epithelium
Junctional epithelium (JE):
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 gingival fiber types?

Dentogingival fibers
Alveologingival fibers
Circular Fibers
Transseptal Fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function and location of PDL horizontal fibers?

L: Attach in a horizontal configuration from
cementum to bone
F: Resist tilting and rotational forces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function and location of PDL oblique fibers?

L: Attach at a diagonal from cementum to bone, most
numerous
F: Resist intrusive/pushing down/biting down and rotational
forces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function and location of PDL apical fibers?

L: Radiate from cementum to bone round the root
apex
F: Resist extrusive and rotational forces, make it more difficult for extraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function and location of PDL interradicular fibers?

L: Present in the furcation of multi-rooted teeth only, from cementum of one root to the cementum of the other root
F: Resist intrusive, extrusive, titling and rotational forces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location and function of Dentogingival fibers?

L: (free or marginal gingival) from the cementum into the CT of the free gingiva
F: along with circular fibers, maintains the integrity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function and location of Alveologingival fibers

L: from crest of alveolar bone to free and attached gingiva
F: helps attach the gingiva to the bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function and location of Circular Fibers (gingival)

L: (circumferential)-encircles the tooth in a ring
F: maintains integrity and holds gingiva to tooth surface- like belt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location and function of transseptal/interdental Fibers (gingival)

L: (interdental ligament)-from cementum of one
tooth to cementum of adjacent tooth
F: memory of tooth in arch
(ortho)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State the percentages of inorganic and organic components of cementum

50-50% inorganic/organic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What undergoes constant remodeling? and why?

Bone; because of calcium needs in the body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the periosteum?

Tough double layered CT membrane that covers the outer portion of bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the outer layer of periosteum contain?

Blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the inner layer of periosteum contain?

Contains cells that produce osteoblasts

What is the endosteum?

Lines the medullary cavity, same components of periosteum but thinner

What is compact bone?

Strong, with few soft tissue spaces, heavy portion of the bone

What is cancellous bone (spongy)?

Solid bone that forms a lattice which makes it much lighter

What is the medullary cavity?

Where the marrow is located

What is marrow?

Gelatinous material that produces RBCs and WBCs

What are the functions of bone?

Protective of soft developing teeth Structural support for teeth in the sockets Attachment mechanism for PDL Aids in movement Manufactures RBCs and WBCs Storehouse for calcium/minerals when needed

What is endochondral ossification?

The process responsible for much of the bone growth in vertebrate skeletons, especially in long bones and head of mandibular condyle. Occurs by replacement of hyaline cartilage.

What are osteoblasts?

Build bone, found in the outer surface of compact bone for remodeling, produces osteoid (bone matrix)

What are osteocytes?

Cells that maintain bone as living tissue, entrapped osteoblasts within calcified bone (lie in lacunae)

What are osteoclasts?

Break down or resorb bone due to bodies needs, infection, mechanical stress or periodontal disease.

What are the 7 parts of the alveolar bone?

``` Alveolar bone/process Alveolus (proper) Basal bone Cortical bone Trabecular bone Lamina dura Alveolar crest ```

What is the alveolar bone/process?

Portion that houses the roots of the teeth

What is the alveolus (alveolar bone proper)?

Part of the alveolar bone that is the tooth "socket"

What is basal bone?

Portion of the bone apical to roots

What is cortical bone?

Consists of plates of compact bone on the facial and lingual surfaces of alveolar bone

What is trabecular bone?

Consists of cancellous bone that is located between alveolus and the plates of cortical bone (inside part) *Only the portions between the teeth and roots are ever seen on radiographs

What is lamina dura?

Portion of alveolus seen on radiographs as a uniformly radiopaque outline (white line that lines the alveolus)

What is the alveolar crest?

Most cervical rim of the alveolar bone, first place to look for periodontal disease

What is a dehiscence

A defect in the alveolar bone. Bone loss moving apically from the alveolar crest (door)

What is cellular cementum?

Last layers of cementum deposited over the acellular cementum, mainly in the apical 1/3 of the root (AKA secondary cementum). It forms at a faster rate than acellular, resulting in trapped cementocytes

What are cementicles?

Calcified cementum found either attached to the cementum root surface or lying free in the PDL, possibly as a result from trauma to the Sharpey’s fibers

What does widening of the PDL space mean?

Possible trauma

What is the PDL?

Part of the peridontium that provides for the attachment of the teeth to the surrounding alveolar bone via the cementum Appears as PDL space on radiographs (dark line)

Where is somewhere you can also find Epithelial rests of Malassez?

The PDL

What is the largest group of PDL fibers?

Oblique fibers

Function and location of alveolar crest fibers?

L: From cementum to the alveolar crest F: Resist tilting, intrusive (pushing the tooth in; biting down on something hard), extrusive and rotational forces

What is sulcular epithelium?

Epithelium lining the sulcus

What is junctional epithelium (JE)?

Floor of gingival sulcus, attached to the tooth by way of an epithelial attachment

What is gingival crevicular fluid? (GCF)

Fills the sulcus; contains WBCs, IgG, IgM, and IgA; flushes gingival sulcus

What are probing measurements subject to?

Variation depending on operator pressure and the ability of the probe tip to PENETRATE tissues that are ulcerated or inflamed

What has the fastest turnover time in the oral cavity?

Junctional epithelium (4-6) days

What is the free gingival groove?

Separates the attached gingiva from the marginal gingiva (corresponds to the depth of the gingival sulcus)

Where does stippling result from?

The strong attachment between epithelium and lamina propria called rete ridges/rete pegs***

What can inflammatory edema be from?

Loss of stippling (rete ridges/pegs) which is seen in disease state

What is hypercementosis?

Excessive buildup of normal cementum on the roots of one or more teeth. Is common from cementoblasts repairing after injury

The periodontium is comprised of the ____________________, ______________________ and ______________________________.

PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone

___________________ are the cells that produce cementum

Cementoblasts

What happens to cementoblasts if they get trapped in cementoid?

They become cementocytes

What results in reversal lines?

The odontoclasts resorb cementum during repair

What results in arrest lines?

The cementoblasts laying down new matrix (cementoid) in layers during repair. look like growth ring in a tree

What is the col?

Concavity in the sulcus located apically to the contact area