Cranial Nerves MINI EXAM 2 Flashcards
carries information from muscles, tissue and
organs, to the CNS
1. Afferent (sensory)
2. Efferent (motor)
Afferent sensory
(Kinesthetic sense)
Sensations of body position and movement
Sensory or afferent impulses sent back to brain
Functions to relay to brain body position, create smooth movements during
chewing or speech (TMJ and muscles of mastication), and intercuspation of teeth (PDL)
Proprioception
carries information away from the CNS to muscles,
glands and organs
Efferent Motor
carries both sensory and motor impulses
Mixed sensory and motor
Regulates functions over which we have no control
- Somatic
- autonomic
autonomic
fight or flight
Dilates eyes for better vision Dry mouth
Sympathetic
vegetative system, or rest and digest
Digestion of food which activates salivary glands Dilation of blood vessels to allow daily activity Cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X
Parasympathetic
2 divisions of autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic and sympathetic
Sensory: sensation of smell from nasal cavity
back to the CNS
Olfactory Nerve
sensation of sight from retina back to
CNS
Optic Nerve
Motor: supplies motor innervation to 4 of the 6 muscles that move the eyeball Parasympathetic: adjusts lens for close vision and constricts pupils
Oculomtor nerve
Motor: innervation to 1 of the 6 muscles that
move the eyeball
Trochlear Nerve
and Abducens
Sensory: Taste to anterior 2/3 tongue Motor: Muscles of facial expression (Bell’s Palsy), stylohyoid, post belly of the digastric Parasympathetic: (rest and digest) -Lacrimal gland (via zygomatic and lacrimal nerves) -Minor salivary glands (via greater petrosal) -Submandibular gland -Sublingual gland
Facial
A patient has Bell’s Palsy… what nerve was this related too
Facial
Sensory: transmits sensations of balance and
hearing back to CNS
Vestibulocochlear
Se nsory: General sensation and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue Motor: Stylopharyngeal muscle Parasympathetic: parotid gland
Glossopharyngeal
Se nsory: Taste from epiglottis (posterior portion of tongue) Motor: most of the muscles of:
¨ Pharynx
¨Larynx
¨Soft palate Parasympathetic: cardiac muscle, many glands of the body (thymus)
Vagus
Motor: Trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid
muscle, muscles of soft palate and pharynx
Accessory
Motor: Extrinsic and Intrinsic tongue muscles
Hypoglossal
Primary sensation nerve
- Trigeminal CNV
- Occulomotor
Trigeminal
Largest and most complex of CNs
Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve:Sensory originates from the __, traverses
through the trigeminal ganglion
(semilunar or Gasserian ) which is located
near the foramen lacerum on the petrous
portion of the temporal bone
pons
Trigeminal V nerve splits into 3 branches. What are they and what is there Motor or sensory or mixed
V1 : Opthalmic-sensory
V2: Maxillary: sensory
V3: Mandibular-mixed
Exits the skull via superior orbital fissur is a large division of trigeminal branch
Opthalmic Nerve
Serves: Ethmoid and frontal sinuses Conjunctiva Cornea Skin on forehead Skin and bridge of nose Ala and apex of nose Anterior scalp Nasal cavity Eyelids Eyeball Orbit Lacrimal gland
V1 Opthalmic
V1 Opthalmic Nerve splits into what 3 major branches
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Passes through the skull via foramen
rotundum of sphenoid which V division
Maxillary Division
Maxillary division V2 is
a. sensory
b. mixed
c. motor
sensory!
V2 maxillary division divdes into 5 large branches?
Zygomatic nerve Infraorbital nerve
P. S . A . n e r v e Greater and lesser palatine nerve Nasopalatine nerve
Travels through inferior orbital
fissure
Zygotmatic Nerve V2
V2 zygomatic nerve
Exists the orbit and divides into
two branches:
Zygomaticofacial-sensory for the skin
of cheeks Zygomaticotemporal-sensory for the
skin on the temples
Travels through inferior orbital fissure
V2 Infraorbital nerve
V2 Infraorbital nerve divides into 3 branches
Travel through maxillary sinuses ASA MSA one that travels through infraorbital foramen Infraorbital nerve
Maxillary sinuses
Maxillary anterior teeth
Supporting structures such as alveolar bone, PDL and labial gingiva
This may cross over the midline
is it ASA, MSA or Infraorbital nerve
ASA
Maxillary sinuses
Maxillary premolars
MB root of maxillary 1st molar
Supporting structures such as alveolar bone, PDL, and buccal gingiva
This nerve is missing in about 28%, mainly the A.S.A. usually takes over
is it ASA, MSA or Infraorbital nerve
MSA
Upper lip Medial portion of cheek Lower eyelid Side of the nose
Infraorbital nerve
MB root of 1st molar)
MSA of the V2 infraorbital nerve
Sensory impulses from:
Maxillary sinuses mucous membrane
Maxillary molars (except MB root of 1st molar)
Supporting structures such as alveolar bone, PDL, and buccal gingiva
PSA
What bony landmakr is in the way during a PSA
Zygomatic process
We never anesthetize the lesser palatine on purpose!
because??
anesthetizes soft palate and tonsils….
emerges through the lesser palatine foramen and travels posteriorly to innervate: Soft palate Palatine tonsil
lesser palatine
posterior teeth We never anesthetize the lesser palatine on purpose! Greater palatine nerve- em erges through the greater palatine foramen and travels anteriorly to innervate: Posterior hard palate Lingual gingiva of maxillary
greater palatine
Transmits sensory impulses for:
Nasal septum Anterior hard palate Lingual gingiva of the maxillary
anterior teeth
V2 Nasopalatine
Travels through the nasal cavity,
travels along the nasal septum,
through the incisive canal, and
emerges through incisive foramen
Nasopalatine V2
Largest of the three trigeminal nerve branches
V
3
-Mandibular Nerve
Exits skull via the foramen ovale on sphenoid
V
3
-Mandibular Nerve
V 3 -Mandibular Nerve A nterior trunk-divided into one sensory branch and 5 motor branches
what is the one sensory branch
buccal nerve
Skin of cheeks
Buccal mucosa
Buccal gingiva of the mandibular molars and premolars
May serve as afferent for the mandibular 1st molar: need to consider
this if IA block fails
Mylohyoid
