Microbiology 7: Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted ?

A

Faecal-oral route

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2
Q

What is the diagnostic test for viral hepatitis A ?

A

IgM anti-hepatitis A virus

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3
Q

A person has a high IgM, high IgG, normal ALT.

Are they:
A) infected with Hepatitis A
B) Immunised against hepatitis A
C) infected with Hepatitis C
D) post hepatitis A infection
A

B- This patient has the antibodies against Hepatitis A virus, but does not have active viral infection and hence no hepatitis so ALT is normal.

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4
Q

How is Hepatitis B transmitted ?

A

Sexual intercouse
Blood products
Mother to baby

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5
Q

What is the diagnostic test for hepatitis B ?

A

Surface antigen screening test

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6
Q

Which cancer is associated with hepatitis B ?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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7
Q

What are the treatments for Hepatitis B virus ?

A

Interferon Alpha
Tenofovir or Entecavir

Tenofovir + Emtricitabine (especially if HIV +ve and HBV +ve)

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8
Q

What does a +ve HBsAg (hep B surface antigen) tell you ?

A

The patient has active hepatitis B infection and is still infectious to others.

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9
Q

What does a +ve anti- HBs (antibodies to the surface antigen) tell you ?

A

The patient is immune to the hepatitis B virus either due to recovery from prior infection (will also be +ve for anti-HBc) , or post immunisation (-ve for anti- HBc).

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10
Q

What does this hep B serology tell you ?

HBsAg +ve
Anti-HBc +ve
IgM anti-HBc +ve
Anti- HBs -ve

A

The patient is acutely infected with hepatitis B

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11
Q

What does this hep B serology tell you ?

HBsAg +ve
Anti-HBc +ve
IgM anti-HBc -ve
Anti- HBs -ve

A

This patient is chronically infected with Hep B

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12
Q

What does this hep B serology tell you ?

HBsAg -ve
Anti-HBc -ve
Anti- HBs -ve

A

Patient has never been exposed to Hep B virus and is susceptible to infection.

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13
Q

Which groups of people are particularly at risk of hepatitis C infection ?

A

IVDU

MSM

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14
Q

What is the main route of transmission of hepatitis C ?

A

Blood products

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15
Q

What is the diagnostic investigation for Hepatitis C ?

A

HCV RNA PCR

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16
Q

What treatment for hep C if given early on can have over 90% cure rate ?

A

Interferon alpha (peginterferon alpha-2b)

17
Q

How is Hepatitis D transmitted ?

A

MUST already be infected with Hepatitis B

Blood products

18
Q

What is the main route of transmission for hepatitis E ?

A

Faecal-oral route

Zoonosis (from animals especially swines)

19
Q

Which hepatitis has a very high mortality rate in pregnant women ?

A

Hepatitis E

20
Q

List 2 drugs used in the treatment of Hepatitis C ?

A

Pegylated IFN alpha 2b

Ribavirin