Haematology 2: Acute Leukaemias Flashcards
Which acute leukaemia is an emergency ?
APML
What translocation causes Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML) ?
T(15;17) (PML-RARA)
Which leukaemia is more common in patients with Down’s syndrome ?
AML
What signs is characteristic in APML ?
Sudden onset Haemorrhage (bruising and bleeding)
DIC + Hyperfibrinolysis
Which feature is characteristic of APML on microscopy ?
Multiple auer rods
What does the variant of APML without auer rods look like on microscopy ?
Promyelocytes with Bilobed nuclei
Which 2 stains are possitive in AML but not In ALL ?
Myeloperoxidase stain
Sudan black B stain
Which anaemia causes Gum infiltration ?
Monocytic AML
List 5 signs of AML ?
Anaemia- SOB, Pallor Neutropenia- infections Thrombocytopenia- easy Bruising and bleeding, DIC Hepatosplenomegally Retinal haemorrhage/exudates
What is the most important diagnostic test for Leukaemias ?
Immunophenotyping
What is the most common leukaemia in childhood ?
ALL
List 5 signs of ALL ?
Anaemia- SOB, pallor Neutropenia- infections Thrombocytopenia- Easy bruising, bleeding Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly
Which drug is used to treat CML or ALL with the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality ?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor- Imatinib