Haematology 2: Acute Leukaemias Flashcards

1
Q

Which acute leukaemia is an emergency ?

A

APML

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2
Q

What translocation causes Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML) ?

A

T(15;17) (PML-RARA)

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3
Q

Which leukaemia is more common in patients with Down’s syndrome ?

A

AML

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4
Q

What signs is characteristic in APML ?

A

Sudden onset Haemorrhage (bruising and bleeding)

DIC + Hyperfibrinolysis

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5
Q

Which feature is characteristic of APML on microscopy ?

A

Multiple auer rods

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6
Q

What does the variant of APML without auer rods look like on microscopy ?

A

Promyelocytes with Bilobed nuclei

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7
Q

Which 2 stains are possitive in AML but not In ALL ?

A

Myeloperoxidase stain

Sudan black B stain

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8
Q

Which anaemia causes Gum infiltration ?

A

Monocytic AML

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9
Q

List 5 signs of AML ?

A
Anaemia- SOB, Pallor
Neutropenia- infections 
Thrombocytopenia- easy Bruising and bleeding, DIC
Hepatosplenomegally 
Retinal haemorrhage/exudates
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10
Q

What is the most important diagnostic test for Leukaemias ?

A

Immunophenotyping

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11
Q

What is the most common leukaemia in childhood ?

A

ALL

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12
Q

List 5 signs of ALL ?

A
Anaemia- SOB, pallor  
Neutropenia- infections
Thrombocytopenia- Easy bruising, bleeding
Lymphadenopathy 
Hepatosplenomegaly
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13
Q

Which drug is used to treat CML or ALL with the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality ?

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor- Imatinib

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