Histopathology 4: Endocrine pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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2
Q

What is the most common pituitary adenoma ?

A

Prolactinoma

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3
Q

Which cells produce calcitonin ?

A

Parafollicular cells (C-cells)

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of non-toxic goitre world wide ?

A

Iodine deficiency

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism ?

A

Grave’s disease

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6
Q

List the triad of features seen in Grave’s disease ?

A

Hyperthyroidism
Exophthalmus
Pretibial myxoedema

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7
Q

Hypothyroidism with Hurthle cells on histology.

Most likely diagnosis ?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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8
Q

Most common carcinoma of the thyroid ?

A

Pappilary carcinoma

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9
Q

Thyroid histology shows psamomma bodies, empty looking nuclei and intranuclear inclusions.

Most likely diagnosis ?

A

Pappilary carcinoma

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10
Q

Congo red staining of the thyroid shows apple green birefringence. The cancer is affecting the parafollicular cells. The patient is known to have MEN2a

Most likely diagnosis ?

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Calcitonin is produced from the parafolicular cells and is broken down to form amyloid which deposits in the thyroid gland.

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11
Q

What is a common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism ?

A

Renal failure

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12
Q

List 5 physical signs seen in hypoparathyroidism ?

A

CATS go numb

Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany
Spasms

Numbness

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13
Q

Which paediatric tumour affects the adrenal medulla ?

A

Neuroblastoma

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14
Q

List 3 syndromes which feature phaeochromocytomas?

A

MEN
von Hippel Lindau
Sturge-Weber

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