Microbio - TB Flashcards
What type of pathogen causes TB?
Mycobacteria: gram +ve, aerobic rods
What is the general presentation of TB?
Fever, night sweats, weight loss, ethnicity/travel
What is the presentation of pulmonary TB?
Cough, haemoptysis
What is the presentation of meningitis TB?
Subacute headache, personality change, meningism, confusion
What is the presentation of spinal TB?
Back pain, discitis, vertebral destruction, iliopsoas abscess
What is spinal TB also known as?
Pott’s disease
What are the three types of TB infection?
Primary (symptomatic), latent (asymptomatic), and reactivation/post-primary TB (symptoms)
TB Mx
Rifampicin - 6 months
Isoniazid - 6 months
Pyrazinamide - 12 months
Ethambutol - 12 months
Investigations for active TB
CXR, sputum samples (x3)
*Types of sputum samples for TB
- Microscopy (Ziehl-Neelson stain)
- Culture (Lowenstein-Jensen medium) 6 weeks -> gold standard
- Acid-fast bacilli
Investigations for TB exposure
- Tuberculin skin tests (Mantoux/Heaf): prev exposure incl BCG
- IGRA (Elispot): active/latent, not BCG
*Other Mycobacteria (4)
- Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)
- Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare complex
* 3. Mycobacterium Marinarum (fish tank granuloma) - Mycobacterium ulcerans (buruli ulcers)
What presentation might you expect with Mycobacterium leprae?
Skin depigmentation, nodules, nerve thickening
What presentation might you expect with Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare complex?
Disseminated infection in immunocompromised
What presentation might you expect with Mycobacterium Marinarum?
Aquarium owners
