Microbio - Antimicrobial agents Flashcards
What are the 5 targets/MOA of antibiotics?
- Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Inhibit protein synthesis
- Inhibit DNA synthesis
- Inhibit RNA synthesis
- Inhibit folate metabolism
Which classes (2) of abx inhibit cell wall synthesis?
- Beta lactams
- Glycopeptides
What are the subclasses (3) of Beta lactam?
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin (1st, 2nd, 3rd gen)
- Carbapenems
What is an example of a penicillin?
Amoxicillin, Tazocin
What is the use of penicillins?
Gram +ve
What is an example of a cephalosporin?
Ceftriaxone
What is the use of cephalosporins?
- 1st + 2nd gen: Gram +ve
- 3rd gen: Gram -ve
What is an example of a carbapenem
Meropenem
What is the use of carbapenems?
Gram -ve
*quite broad spectrum
*What is an example of glycopeptides?
Vancomycin
*What is vancomycin used for?
MRSA, C. diff
Which classes of abx (5) inhibit protein synthesis?
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- Macrolides
- Chloramphenicol
- Oxazolidinones
What is an example of an aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
What are aminoglycosides used for?
Gram -ve sepsis
What is an example of a tetracycline?
Doxycycline
What are tetracyclines used for?
Gram-ve sepsis
*What is an example of a macrolide?
Clarithromycin
*What are macrolides used for?
Gram +ve (penicillin allergy), atypical pneumonia
What is chloramphenicol often used for?
As eye frops in bacterial conjunctivitis
Example of an Oxazolidinone
Linezoid
What are Oxazolidinones used for?
Gram +ve, MRSA, VRE (Vancomycin resistant enterococci)
What are the 2 classes of Abx that inhibit DNA synthesis?
Fluoroquinolones and Nitroimidazoles
What is an example of a fluoroquinolone?
Ciprofloxacin
What are fluoroquinolones used for?
Gram -ve
What is an example of a nitroimidazole?
Metronidazole
What are nitroimidazoles used for?
Anaerobes, protozoa, C. Diff
What class of abx inhibit RNA synthesis?
Rifamycin
What is an example of a Rifamycin?
Rifampicin
What are Rifamycins used for?
Mycobacteria (TB)
What are 2 classes of abx that inhibit folate synthesis?
Sulfonamides and Diaminopyrimidines
What is an example of a sulfonamide?
Sulphamethoxazole
What are sulfonamides used for?
PCP - penumocystis pneumonia (Sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim = co-trimoxazole)
What are diaminopyrimidines used for?
UTI
Table 1

Table 2

Table 3
General guide but does vary w local guidelines

What abx would you use for a skin infx (S. aureus)?
Flucloxacillin
*What abx would you use for pharyngitis (Group A strep/strep throat)?
IV Benzylpenicillin
What abx would you use for CAP?
Mild: Amox
Moderate: Co amoxiclav (Amox + clavulanic acid)
Atypical: Clarithromycin
What abx would you use for HAP?
Co-amox + gentamycin/tazocin
*What abx would you use for bacterial meningitis?
Ceftriaxone
(+Ampicillin if young/old to cover Listeria monocytogenes)
What abx would you use for UTI?
Trimethroprim / nitrofurantoin / cephalexin / coamoxiclav
What abx would you use for C dif colitis?
Metronidazole
Vanc (2nd line)
*Which/What antibiotic would you use to treat/prescribe someone who has cellulitis with a Methicillin SENSITIVE strain of Staphylococcus aureus
Fluclox
*treatment for Listeria meningitis (for children and young ppl)
≤3 months: IV cefotaxime + (amoxicillin or ampicillin)
>3 months: IV ceftriaxone
If penicillin allergy - which classes to avoid?
Penicillins and ceph-/cef- drugs
*Broad spectrumness of common Abs:
(Narrow to wide)
Benzylpenicillin -> Amox -> Ceftriaxone -> Piperacillin/Tazobactam -> Meropenem