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Microbio - Antimicrobial agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 targets/MOA of antibiotics?

A
  1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  2. Inhibit protein synthesis
  3. Inhibit DNA synthesis
  4. Inhibit RNA synthesis
  5. Inhibit folate metabolism
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2
Q

Which classes (2) of abx inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A
  1. Beta lactams
  2. Glycopeptides
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3
Q

What are the subclasses (3) of Beta lactam?

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Cephalosporin (1st, 2nd, 3rd gen)
  3. Carbapenems
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4
Q

What is an example of a penicillin?

A

Amoxicillin, Tazocin

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5
Q

What is the use of penicillins?

A

Gram +ve

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6
Q

What is an example of a cephalosporin?

A

Ceftriaxone

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7
Q

What is the use of cephalosporins?

A
  • 1st + 2nd gen: Gram +ve
  • 3rd gen: Gram -ve
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8
Q

What is an example of a carbapenem

A

Meropenem

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9
Q

What is the use of carbapenems?

A

Gram -ve

*quite broad spectrum

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10
Q

*What is an example of glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin

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11
Q

*What is vancomycin used for?

A

MRSA, C. diff

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12
Q

Which classes of abx (5) inhibit protein synthesis?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Macrolides
  4. Chloramphenicol
  5. Oxazolidinones
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13
Q

What is an example of an aminoglycoside?

A

Gentamicin

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14
Q

What are aminoglycosides used for?

A

Gram -ve sepsis

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15
Q

What is an example of a tetracycline?

A

Doxycycline

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16
Q

What are tetracyclines used for?

A

Gram-ve sepsis

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17
Q

*What is an example of a macrolide?

A

Clarithromycin

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18
Q

*What are macrolides used for?

A

Gram +ve (penicillin allergy), atypical pneumonia

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19
Q

What is chloramphenicol often used for?

A

As eye frops in bacterial conjunctivitis

20
Q

Example of an Oxazolidinone

21
Q

What are Oxazolidinones used for?

A

Gram +ve, MRSA, VRE (Vancomycin resistant enterococci)

22
Q

What are the 2 classes of Abx that inhibit DNA synthesis?

A

Fluoroquinolones and Nitroimidazoles

23
Q

What is an example of a fluoroquinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin

24
Q

What are fluoroquinolones used for?

25
What is an example of a nitroimidazole?
Metronidazole
26
What are nitroimidazoles used for?
Anaerobes, protozoa, C. Diff
27
What class of abx inhibit RNA synthesis?
Rifamycin
28
What is an example of a Rifamycin?
Rifampicin
29
What are Rifamycins used for?
Mycobacteria (TB)
30
What are 2 classes of abx that inhibit folate synthesis?
Sulfonamides and Diaminopyrimidines
31
What is an example of a sulfonamide?
Sulphamethoxazole
32
What are sulfonamides used for?
PCP - penumocystis pneumonia (Sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim = co-trimoxazole)
33
What are diaminopyrimidines used for?
UTI
34
Table 1
35
Table 2
36
Table 3
General guide but does vary w local guidelines
37
What abx would you use for a skin infx (S. aureus)?
Flucloxacillin
38
\*What abx would you use for pharyngitis (Group A strep/strep throat)?
IV Benzylpenicillin
39
What abx would you use for CAP?
Mild: Amox Moderate: Co amoxiclav (Amox + clavulanic acid) Atypical: Clarithromycin
40
What abx would you use for HAP?
Co-amox + gentamycin/tazocin
41
\*What abx would you use for bacterial meningitis?
Ceftriaxone (+Ampicillin if young/old to cover Listeria monocytogenes)
42
What abx would you use for UTI?
Trimethroprim / nitrofurantoin / cephalexin / coamoxiclav
43
What abx would you use for C dif colitis?
Metronidazole Vanc (2nd line)
44
\*Which/What antibiotic would you use to treat/prescribe someone who has cellulitis with a Methicillin SENSITIVE strain of Staphylococcus aureus
Fluclox
45
\*treatment for Listeria meningitis (for children and young ppl)
≤3 months: IV cefotaxime + (amoxicillin or ampicillin) \>3 months: IV ceftriaxone
46
If penicillin allergy - which classes to avoid?
Penicillins and ceph-/cef- drugs
47
\*Broad spectrumness of common Abs: | (Narrow to wide)
Benzylpenicillin -\> Amox -\> Ceftriaxone -\> Piperacillin/Tazobactam -\> Meropenem

Path year 5 (48 decks)

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