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Path year 5 > Microbio - Antimicrobial agents > Flashcards

Microbio - Antimicrobial agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 targets/MOA of antibiotics?

A
  1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  2. Inhibit protein synthesis
  3. Inhibit DNA synthesis
  4. Inhibit RNA synthesis
  5. Inhibit folate metabolism
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2
Q

Which classes (2) of abx inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A
  1. Beta lactams
  2. Glycopeptides
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3
Q

What are the subclasses (3) of Beta lactam?

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Cephalosporin (1st, 2nd, 3rd gen)
  3. Carbapenems
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4
Q

What is an example of a penicillin?

A

Amoxicillin, Tazocin

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5
Q

What is the use of penicillins?

A

Gram +ve

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6
Q

What is an example of a cephalosporin?

A

Ceftriaxone

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7
Q

What is the use of cephalosporins?

A
  • 1st + 2nd gen: Gram +ve
  • 3rd gen: Gram -ve
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8
Q

What is an example of a carbapenem

A

Meropenem

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9
Q

What is the use of carbapenems?

A

Gram -ve

*quite broad spectrum

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10
Q

*What is an example of glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin

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11
Q

*What is vancomycin used for?

A

MRSA, C. diff

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12
Q

Which classes of abx (5) inhibit protein synthesis?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Macrolides
  4. Chloramphenicol
  5. Oxazolidinones
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13
Q

What is an example of an aminoglycoside?

A

Gentamicin

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14
Q

What are aminoglycosides used for?

A

Gram -ve sepsis

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15
Q

What is an example of a tetracycline?

A

Doxycycline

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16
Q

What are tetracyclines used for?

A

Gram-ve sepsis

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17
Q

*What is an example of a macrolide?

A

Clarithromycin

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18
Q

*What are macrolides used for?

A

Gram +ve (penicillin allergy), atypical pneumonia

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19
Q

What is chloramphenicol often used for?

A

As eye frops in bacterial conjunctivitis

20
Q

Example of an Oxazolidinone

A

Linezoid

21
Q

What are Oxazolidinones used for?

A

Gram +ve, MRSA, VRE (Vancomycin resistant enterococci)

22
Q

What are the 2 classes of Abx that inhibit DNA synthesis?

A

Fluoroquinolones and Nitroimidazoles

23
Q

What is an example of a fluoroquinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin

24
Q

What are fluoroquinolones used for?

A

Gram -ve

25
Q

What is an example of a nitroimidazole?

A

Metronidazole

26
Q

What are nitroimidazoles used for?

A

Anaerobes, protozoa, C. Diff

27
Q

What class of abx inhibit RNA synthesis?

A

Rifamycin

28
Q

What is an example of a Rifamycin?

A

Rifampicin

29
Q

What are Rifamycins used for?

A

Mycobacteria (TB)

30
Q

What are 2 classes of abx that inhibit folate synthesis?

A

Sulfonamides and Diaminopyrimidines

31
Q

What is an example of a sulfonamide?

A

Sulphamethoxazole

32
Q

What are sulfonamides used for?

A

PCP - penumocystis pneumonia (Sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim = co-trimoxazole)

33
Q

What are diaminopyrimidines used for?

A

UTI

34
Q

Table 1

A
35
Q

Table 2

A
36
Q

Table 3

A

General guide but does vary w local guidelines

37
Q

What abx would you use for a skin infx (S. aureus)?

A

Flucloxacillin

38
Q

*What abx would you use for pharyngitis (Group A strep/strep throat)?

A

IV Benzylpenicillin

39
Q

What abx would you use for CAP?

A

Mild: Amox

Moderate: Co amoxiclav (Amox + clavulanic acid)

Atypical: Clarithromycin

40
Q

What abx would you use for HAP?

A

Co-amox + gentamycin/tazocin

41
Q

*What abx would you use for bacterial meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone

(+Ampicillin if young/old to cover Listeria monocytogenes)

42
Q

What abx would you use for UTI?

A

Trimethroprim / nitrofurantoin / cephalexin / coamoxiclav

43
Q

What abx would you use for C dif colitis?

A

Metronidazole

Vanc (2nd line)

44
Q

*Which/What antibiotic would you use to treat/prescribe someone who has cellulitis with a Methicillin SENSITIVE strain of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Fluclox

45
Q

*treatment for Listeria meningitis (for children and young ppl)

A

≤3 months: IV cefotaxime + (amoxicillin or ampicillin)
>3 months: IV ceftriaxone

46
Q

If penicillin allergy - which classes to avoid?

A

Penicillins and ceph-/cef- drugs

47
Q

*Broad spectrumness of common Abs:

(Narrow to wide)

A

Benzylpenicillin -> Amox -> Ceftriaxone -> Piperacillin/Tazobactam -> Meropenem

Path year 5 (48 decks)

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