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Path year 5 > Histopath - Fundamentals > Flashcards

Histopath - Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are these?

(Multilobed purple nuclei with pink granules)

A

Neutrophils

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2
Q

What cells are these?

(Large cells with lots of cytoplasm)

A

Macrophages

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3
Q

What cells are these?

(Huge dark purple nucelus)

A

Lymphocytes

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4
Q

What cells are these?

(Blue granulation)

A

Plasma cells

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5
Q

What cells are these?

(Bi-lobed nuceli (blue) with red granules)

A

Eosinophils

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6
Q

What cells are these?

(Large cells containing lots of granules)

A

Mast cells

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7
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Acute inflammmation

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8
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

Late acute inflammation, usually phagocytic

Chronic inflammation -> becomes more secretory

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9
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes?

A

Chronic inflammation

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10
Q

What does lymphoma mean?

A

Sheets of lymphocytes

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11
Q

What is the function of plasma cells?

A

Chronic inflammation

Prevalent in myelomas

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12
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Allergic reactions

Parasitic infections

Tumours e.g., Hodgkin’s disease, SCC, MPD

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13
Q

What is the function of mast cells?

A

Allergic reactions

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14
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

Malignancy of epithelial cells

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15
Q

What are the 3 main tumour types within carcinomas?

A
  1. Squamous cell
  2. Adenocarcinomas
  3. Transitional cell
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16
Q

Which tumour cell type is this?

A

Squamous cell

17
Q

*Histological features of squamous cell tumours

A
  • Intracellular bridges (appear as little prickles on edge of cells)
  • Keratin production
  • Do NOT form glands
18
Q

Sites of squamous cell tumours

A
  • Skin, head, and neck
  • Oesophagus (upper and middle 1/3)
  • Anus, Cervix, Vagina
19
Q

Which tumour cell type is this?

A

Adenocarcinoma

20
Q

Histological features of adenocarcinoma cells

A
  • From glandular epithelium
  • Forms glands that can secrete substances (e.g., mucin)
21
Q

Sites of adenocarcinoma

A
  • Lung
  • Breast
  • Stomach
  • Colon
  • Pancreas
22
Q

Which tumour cell type is this?

A

Transitional cell

23
Q

Histological features of transitional cell tumours

A

Epithelium can stretch

24
Q

Sites of transitional cell tumours

A
  • Kidney pelvis
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
25
Q

Histochemical v ImmunoHistochemical stains

A

HistoChemical stain: based on chemical reaction between the stain and tissue

ImmunoHistochemical stain: involves antibodies directed against a specific antigen which then detect antibody-antigen complexes

26
Q

What does +ve Fontana stain mean?

A

Melanin

27
Q

*What does +ve Congo red stain mean?

A

Amyloid

(Apple green birefringence)

28
Q

What does +ve Prussian blue stain mean?

A

Iron

(Haemochromatosis)

29
Q

What do H&E stain for in Hemtoxylin and Eosin stain?

A

H stains for BASIC parts - purple/blue

E stains for ACIDIC parts - red/pink

30
Q

How do immunofluorescence stains work?

A

Ab binds to Ag

(Direct: Ab is fluorescently tagged,
Indirect: a further fluorescently tagged Ab binds to Ab-Ag complex)

31
Q

How do Immunoperoxidase stains work?

A

Ab binds to Ag in tissue -> then you add enzyme to Ab + additional substrate -> product has a specific colour change

32
Q

*What is called when you have discontinuation of epithelium

A

Ulcer

33
Q

*Nutmeg liver

A

right sided/ congestive cardiac failure

34
Q

*Rhodamine stain

A

For copper - Wilson’s
can present w personality changes and parkinsons vibes oo

35
Q

*Prussian blue stain, diabetes, fatty stools, weight loss, ‘slate grey skin’ and joint pains

A

Haemochromatosis

36
Q

*Fistula

A

connection between two epithelial surfaces

37
Q

*Non-caseatng v caseating granuloma

A

Non-caseating: Crohn’s & sarcoidosis

Caseating: TB

Path year 5 (48 decks)

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