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Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 > Microbio Chapter 3- Microorganisms through a microscope > Flashcards

Microbio Chapter 3- Microorganisms through a microscope Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of stain is used to stain bacteria?

A

Basic

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2
Q

What is the exception for a basic stain?

A

Glycocalyx uses acidic stain

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3
Q

What are the types of stains?

A

Simple
Differential
Special

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4
Q

What kind of dye is used for simple stains?

A

Single basic dye

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5
Q

What is the purpose of using simple stain?

A

Highlight the entire microorganism
-cellular shapes and basic structures are visible

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a mordant?

A

Intensify the stain

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7
Q

What is the function of a mordant?

A

Increase the affinity and increase thickness

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8
Q

What are differential stains?

A

react differently depending on which bacteria is stained

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9
Q

What do differential stains distinguish between?

A

Gram-stains and Acid-fast stains

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10
Q

What are Gram-stains primary stain?

A

Crystal violet

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11
Q

What colour does crystal violet turn the bacteria?

A

Purple

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11
Q

What is the mordant used for gram stains?

A

Iodine

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12
Q

What colour does iodine turn the bacteria?

A

Stays purple

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13
Q

What is the decolourizing agent in gram stains?

A

Alcohol: Acetone or 95% ethanol

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14
Q

What colour does gram positive turn when the decolonizing agent is introduced?

A

Stays purple

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15
Q

What colour does gram negative turn when the decolorizing agent is introduced?

A

becomes colourless

16
Q

What is the counterstain used for gram-stains?

A

Safranin

17
Q

What colour does gram positive turn when the counterstain is applied?

A

Stays purple

18
Q

What colour does gram negative turn when the counterstain is applied?

A

Red/pink

19
Q

What is an acid-fast stain?

A

Only binds to waxy material in cell walls (Mycobacterium species - Mycolic acid)

20
Q

What is the primary stain in Acid-fast staining?

A

Carbolfuchsin and is then heated

21
Q

What colour does carbolfuchsin turn the bacteria?

A

Red

22
Q

What is the decolorizing agent of acid fast stains?

A

Acid-alcohol

23
Q

What bacteria becomes colourless when the decolorizing agent is applied in acid fast stains?

A

NON-acid fast

24
Q

What happens to acid-fast bacteria when the decolorizing agent is applied?

A

Stays red

25
Q

What is the counterstain used for acid-fast stains?

A

Methylene blue

26
Q

What colour does Acid-fast bacteria turn when methylene blue is applied?

A

Stays red

27
Q

What colour does non-Acid-fast bacteria turn when methylene blue is applied?

A

Turns blue

28
Q

Examples of bacteria stained by acid-fast stains?

A

TB and leprosy

29
Q

what are the types of special stains?

A

Glycocalyx/capsule stain
Endospore stain
Flagella stain

30
Q

Is the primary stain used for capsule staining acidic or basic?

A

ACIDIC

31
Q

What is the primary stain used for capsule stain?

A

India Ink or Nigrosin

32
Q

What is the purpose of India ink and nigrosin?

A

Provides a contrasting background after the water wash

33
Q

What is the counterstain used for capsule staining?

A

Safranin

34
Q

What is the primary stain for endospore staining?

A

Malachite green after being heated

35
Q

What is the counterstain used for endospore stains?

A

Safranin (turn red) after water wash

36
Q

What is the primary stain used for flagella stains?

A

Carbolfuchsin

37
Q

What is the mordant used for flagella stains?

A

potassium alum (turns dark red)

Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 (18 decks)

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