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Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 > Microbio Chapter 22- Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Microbio Chapter 22- Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the names of some bacteria diseases affecting the nervous system?

A

a. Meningitis
b. Tetanus
c. Botulism
d. Leprosy

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2
Q

What are the initial symptoms of meningitis?

A
  1. Fever/headaches
  2. Nausea, vommiting
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3
Q

What do the initial symptoms of meningitis progress to?

A

Stiff neck, kerning’s sign and convulsions, coma and death

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4
Q

Over how many hours do meningitis symptoms take to progress?

A

~24hours

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5
Q

How is meningitis diagnosed?

A

CSF sample by a spinal tap

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6
Q

How is meningitis spinal tap sample stained?

A

A gram stain, cultured and serology tested for different strains

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7
Q

How is bacterial meningitis treated?

A

3rd gen Cephalosporins

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8
Q

What are the main causes (bacterias) of meningitis?

A

a. Haemophilus influenza
b. Neisseiria meningitis
c. Streptococcus pneumoniae
(a,b,c = 3 main causes)
d.Listeria monocytogenes
e. Escheria coli

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9
Q

How many strains of H. influenzae are there?

A

6 strains A-F

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10
Q

What strain of H. influenzae is most common?

A

B strain 95% of cases

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11
Q

Is H. influenzae preventable?

A

Yes, Hib vaccine

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12
Q

What are the strains of Neisseria meningitis?

A

A,B,C, W135, y

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13
Q

Who is commonly affected by N. meningitis?

A

Children and college students

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14
Q

What strain of N. meningitis is most common?

A

C strain

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15
Q

Is death slow or fast with N. meningitis?

A

Fast, death is within a short time

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16
Q

How many strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are there?

A

~90 strains

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17
Q

How many strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be prevented by a vaccine?

A

~20 strains

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18
Q

How is S. pneumoniae treated?

A

Penicillin and 3rd gen Chloramphenicol

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19
Q

Who is commonly affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

children and elderly

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20
Q

What are the points of entry for S. pneumoniae?

A

Ear, surgery, head/neck trauma
-Opens subarachnoid space that contains CSF

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21
Q

What does Listeria monocytogenes cause?

A

Listeriosis

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22
Q

How is L. monocytogenes spread?

A

Food source

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23
Q

What temperature does L. monocytogenes like?

A

Cold-loving (Psychrotrophs)

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24
Q

What bacteria is a common cause for neonatal meningitis?

A

E. coli
-Transimitted in birth canal

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25
Q

What are the symptoms of N. meningitis?

A

Headache
sore throat
Necrosis (amputation required)
Petechiae rash
Residual damage; deafness, paralysis

26
Q

What does a Petechiae look like?

A

Purple spots

27
Q

What bacteria causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

28
Q

What does tetanus toxin block?

A

Relaxation pathway (GABA neurotransmitter)

29
Q

What does Tetanus cause?

A

Spasms

30
Q

What are the stages of Tetanus spasms?

A
  1. Stiffneck and lockjaw
  2. Opsithrotones
  3. CV spasms –> Death
31
Q

What bacteria causes Botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

32
Q

What are the types of botulism?

A

A, B, E, F
(A is the worst)

33
Q

How long does Botulism take to develop?

A

12-36 hours

34
Q

How is Botulism spread?

A

Canned foods (lethal food poisoning)

35
Q

What does botulinum toxin block?

A

AcH at NMJ inhibiting muscle tone

36
Q

What does Botulism result in?

A

Flaccid paralysis

37
Q

What are the symptoms of botulism?

A
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Abdominal cramps
  3. Diarrhea/ constipation
  4. Blurred vision
  5. Death
38
Q

What bacteria causes Leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

39
Q

What is the other name for leprosy?

A

Hansen’s disease

40
Q

What are the two phases of leprosy?

A
  1. Paucibacillary (neural)
  2. Multibacillary (progressive)
41
Q

What kind of response is Paucibacillary characterised by?

A

Effective, cell mediated immunity

42
Q

How long is Paucibacillary treatment?

A

6 months

43
Q

How is Leprosy treated?

A

Dapsone, rifampin and clofazimine

44
Q

What does Multibacillary leprosy cause?

A
  1. Exudation of the nose (disintegrates, infectious)
  2. Nodules over body and face
  3. Hand deformities
  4. Necrosis, loss of fingers and toes
45
Q

How long is Multibacillary treatment?

A

24 months

46
Q

What viral disease affects the nervous system?

A

Polio

47
Q

What are the initial symptoms of Polio?

A

Sore throat and nausea (intestine) —> enters lymph nodes and blood stream

48
Q

Once Polio virus enters the blood stream what occurs?

A

Viremia
-2 forms

49
Q

What are the two forms of viremia (Polio)?

A
  1. Transient
  2. Persistent
50
Q

What is Transient form?

A

Immune system kills it
-No clinical symptoms

51
Q

What is Persistent form?

A

Virus enters neurons, grow and cause paralysis

52
Q

Is Polio preventable?

A

Yes, there is a vaccine. Paralysis from polio occurs in ~1% of cases.
-As of 2012 vaccination success in India eliminated polio

53
Q

What are the 2 polio vaccines?

A
  1. IPV
    -Inactivated Polio vaccine
  2. OPV
    -Oral polio vaccine
54
Q

Who discovered the IPV?

A

G. Salk 1954

55
Q

Who discovered the OPV?

A

A. Sabin 1963

56
Q

How is the IPV administered?

A

Injection

57
Q

What does the IPV require?

A

Boosters

58
Q

How is the OPV administered?

A

Orally

59
Q

What does the OPV require?

A

Boosters

60
Q

Why is the OPV not commonly used?

A

1/1 million cases causes the virus to revert back

Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 (18 decks)

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