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Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 > Microbio Chapter 2- Chemical Principles > Flashcards

Microbio Chapter 2- Chemical Principles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are proteins?

A

Organic molecules containing C,H,O,N and S

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2
Q

What the subunits of proteins called?

A

Amino Acids

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3
Q

What do amino acids consist of?

A

An amino group
Side R group
Carboxyl group

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4
Q

What are peptide bonds?

A

Amino acids bond between the carbon atom of the carboxyl group of one AA and the nitrogen group of another AA

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5
Q

How are peptide bonds formed?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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6
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

For every peptide bond formed, one water molecule is released.

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7
Q

What are the four levels of organization?

A

primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

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8
Q

What is Primary structure?

A

Amino acids form a polypeptide chain.

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9
Q

What is Secondary structure?

A

Twisting/folding of the polypeptide chain
Two types

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10
Q

What are the two types of secondary structures?

A

helix and pleated sheet

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11
Q

What is tertiary structure?

A

helix and pleated sheets fold to form a three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide chain

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12
Q

What is quarternary structure?

A

2 or more folded chains
Protein is formed

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13
Q

What is denaturation?

A

protein encounters a hostile environment –>
Strand unravels and loses shapes

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14
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Organic substance constisting of nucleotides

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15
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Ribose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen-base

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16
Q

What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic)
RNA (Ribonucleic)

17
Q

What are the two types of bases?

A

Purine
Pyrimidines

18
Q

What are the types of Purines?

A

Adenine
Guanine

19
Q

What are the types of pyrimidines?

A

Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine

20
Q

What is the difference between the structure of purines and pyrimidines?

A

Purines: Double ring
Pyrimidines: Single ring

21
Q

What binds the bases to each other?

A

Hydrogen bonds

22
Q

What is the difference in structure between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA: Single stranded
DNA: Double helix

23
Q

What is the difference between the sugars in RNA and DNA?

A

RNA: Ribose sugar (Hydroxyl group on second carbon)
DNA: Deoxyribose sugar (oxygen is removed from hydroxyl group making it a Hydrogen atom)

Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 (18 decks)

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