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Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 > Microbio Chapter 24- Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory system > Flashcards

Microbio Chapter 24- Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

What media does Strep thoat grow in?

A

Blood agar

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1
Q

What microbial diseases affect the UPPER respiratory tract?

A

Strep throat
Scarlet fever
Otitis media
Diptheriae

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2
Q

How is strep throat diagnosed?

A

Throat swab with exudate

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3
Q

What is a sequel to strep throat?

A

Scarlet “fever”

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4
Q

What exotoxin causes Scarlet fever?

A

SPE
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin aka erythrogenic exotoxin
-Chanegs permeability of RBCs

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5
Q

Scarlet fever symptoms?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Skin rash
  3. Red cheeks
  4. Swollen, red tongue
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6
Q

What is strep throat/scarlet fever treated with?

A

Penicillin/erythromycin

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7
Q

What is Otitis media caused by?

A

a. Nasopharyngeal infections
b. Contaminated H2O

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8
Q

Example of bacteria causing nasopharyngeal infections leading to otitis media?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes

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9
Q

Otitis media symptoms?

A

Pus forms
-Can be painful which causes vominiting

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10
Q

If otitis media is a viral infection what happens?

A

Less pus produced

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11
Q

Is bacterial or viral otitis media harder to treat?

A

Viral b.c there aren’t any anti-virals to treat it

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12
Q

What does Diptheriae bacteria produce?

A

Classic A-B exotoxin

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13
Q

What kind of disease is Diptheriae?

A

Progressive, goes through different phases

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14
Q

How many phases does diphtheria go through?

A

2

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15
Q

What occurs during Phase #1 of diphtheria?

A
  1. Mild fever
  2. Sore throat
  3. Fatigue
  4. Neck swells
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16
Q

What occurs during Phase #2 of diphtheria?

A
  1. Fluid oozes
  2. Fluid thickens
  3. Pseudomembrane forms (requires surgery)
  4. Airway obstructed (Air occluded)
  5. Suffocation
  6. Death
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17
Q

What is the cutaneous form of diphtheria?

A

Skin ulcers form, septicaemia sets in

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18
Q

Is Diphtheria preventable?

A

Yes, Dtap vaccine

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19
Q

What microbial diseases affect the LOWER respiratory tract?

A

Whooping cough/Pertussis
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Influenza

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20
Q

What bacteria causes whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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21
Q

What structure does Bordetella pertussis cell have?

A

A capsule

22
Q

What does Bordetella pertussis produce?

A

Exotoxin (Tracheal cytotoxin) and endotoxin

23
Q

What causes the extreme coughing associated with Whooping cough?

A

The exotoxin (Tracheal cytotoxin) which causes the death of ciliated tracheal cells make mucous accumulate

24
Q

What are the 3 stages of Pertussis?

A
  1. Catarrhal
  2. Paroxysmal
  3. Convalescence
25
Q

What occurs during Stage #1 Cattarrhal of whooping cough?

A

Fever and cold

26
Q

What occurs during Stage #2 Paroxysmal of whooping cough?

A

Bouts of violent coughing
Seizures, epilepsy

27
Q

What occurs during Stage #3 Convalescence of whooping cough?

A

Gets better/ recovery
-Can last a very long time (weeks-months)

28
Q

What are three divisions of pathogenesis for Tuberculosis?

A

A. Healthy individual
B. Partial failure of immunity
C. Total failure of immunity

29
Q

Is whooping cough preventable?

A

Yes, Dtap vaccine but requires boosters

30
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Tuberculosis in a healthy individual?

A

Immunity: Infection arrested by macrophages
-Infection is present but no symptoms, latent form

31
Q

What is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis when there is a partial failure of immunity?

A

Tubercle forms, becomes classified= GHON complexes

32
Q

What is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis when there is a total failure of immunity?

A

Tubercle ruptures Aka the Miliary form or consumption
-Weight loss, loss of vigour and a sputum diagnosis can occur.

33
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat T.B?

A

Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide

34
Q

What is Isoniazid used for in T.B treatment?

A

First line of defence: Blocks mycolic acid formation

35
Q

What is Ethambutol used for in T.B treatment?

A

Weaker: Blocks stuff entering cell wall

36
Q

Is T.B preventable?

A

Yes, BCG (Bacilli Palmette Guerin) vaccine

37
Q

How is Tuberculosis diagnosed?

A

via Mantoux test

38
Q

What is a Mantoux test?

A

Purified version (Proteins) of TB injected into forearm, If red swelling occurs around injection site there is an on going TB infection.

39
Q

What causes Typical pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

40
Q

How is typical pneumoniae diagnosed?

A

Capsular antigen in urine

41
Q

What are the two categories of pneumonia?

A

Typical and Atypical

42
Q

How is Atypical pneumoniae different than typical?

A

It has a slower onset, less fever and less chest pain

43
Q

What causes Atypical pneumonia?

A

Bacteria and virus

44
Q

Examples of bacteria causing Atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Coxiella burnetti

45
Q

What virus causes Atypical pneumonia?

A

RSV
-Respiratory Syncytial Virus aka Houdini virus

46
Q

Who is commonly affected by RSV?

A

Elderly populations and infants

47
Q

What does RSV atypical pneumonia cause?

A

Wheezing (O2 impeded)
Bronchitis

48
Q

What does Syncytial mean?

A

Giant cell forms by two cells joining

49
Q

Does influenza have intestinal symptoms?

A

No

50
Q

Why are influenza vaccines unable to provide long term immunity?

A

Antigenic shift and drift
-Mutations occur often

51
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Minor changes in NA and HA spikes
-Occurs annually
H1N1

52
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Major changes in HA and NA spikes
-Causes pandemics
H5N1

53
Q

What pandemic of influenza occurred in 1918?

A

Spanish flu

Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 (18 decks)

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