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Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 > Microbio Chapter 25- Microbial diseases of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Microbio Chapter 25- Microbial diseases of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are microbial diseases that affect the oral cavity?

A

Dental caries
Periodental diseases

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2
Q

What bacteria causes dental caries?

A

Streptococcus mutans

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3
Q

What does S. mutans do to teeth?

A

Attaches to tooth via capsule and causes plaque to form and can lead to dental decay

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4
Q

What are 2 periodontal diseases?

A
  1. Gingivitis
  2. Periodontitis
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5
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

inflammation and bleeding of the gums

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6
Q

What bacterias cause gingivitis?

A

S. mutans
Bacteriodetes
Fusobacterium

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7
Q

What happens if gingivitis is not treated/maintained?

A

Can lead to Periodontitis

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8
Q

What is Periodontitis?

A

Pockets in gums form, gums recede and pus is produced. Teeth loosen and fall out.

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9
Q

What dental operation treats periodontitis?

A

A root canal

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10
Q

What bacteria causes chronic periodontitis?

A

A bacteriodoite called Porphyromonas gingivalis
-Producrs exotoxins and endotoxins contributing to the pus secretion

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11
Q

What is an infection (GI tract)?

A

Bacteria in food or water grow in the stomach during an incubation period

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12
Q

What is intoxication (GI Tract)?

A

Bacteria already growing in food gets eaten and toxins are ingested

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13
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Bacteria causing inflammation of stomach and intestine

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14
Q

What treats infection/intoxication?

A

-oral rehydration therapy (ORT) e.g Electrolytes, soup
-Antibiotics

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15
Q

What are general symptoms of Gastroenteritis?

A

Fever,
nausea ,vomiting and diarrhoea or dysentry
Constipation
Shock

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16
Q

What are some bacterias affecting the digestive system?

A

Staphylococcus areus
Shigella dystenteriae
Salmonella enterica
Salmonella typhi
Vibrio cholerae
Escheria coli
Complyobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Clostridium difficile

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17
Q

What does S. aureus produce?

A

Superantigen (enterotoxin)

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18
Q

How is S. aureus spread?

A

Food like chicken, ham, creamy foods

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19
Q

How should food be stored to prevent S. aureus growth?

A

Hot food—> kept hot
Cold food—> kept cold
Food handler can contaminate food with bacteria
-Handwashing

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20
Q

What does S. dysenteriea produce?

A

Shiga toxin

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21
Q

How is S. dysenteriae spread?

A

Fecal oral route
Commonly spread in day cares

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22
Q

What does S. dysenteriae cause?

A

Shiga toxin in large intestine causes an abscess to form and leave scarring
-~20 bowel movements a day
-Dehydration

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23
Q

How is Shigellosis treated?

A

ORT
Fluoroquinolones

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24
Q

How is S. enteric (salmonellosis) spread?

A

Food source: Poultry, beef, raw eggs or veggies
Sometimes pets

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25
Q

How is S. typhi spread?

A

Human source only
-often life-long carriers

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26
Q

Where does S. typhi accumulate in the body?

A

Gallbladder

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27
Q

Who is Typhoid Mary?

A

Infamous typhoid carrier who allegedly gave rise to multiple outbreaks of typhoid fever.

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28
Q

How is Typhoid fever spread?

A

Fecal-oral route

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29
Q

Typhoid fever: Symptoms

A

Constipation, hemorrhaging, rose spots, rash and a VERY HIGH FEVER

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30
Q

How is Typhoid fever treated?

A

Cephalosporin

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31
Q

What does V. cholerae produce?

A

Vibriotoxin

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32
Q

What does V. cholerae cause?

A

Cholera
-Rice-water stools
-20L of lost fluid
-Shock, death

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33
Q

What country experienced a V. cholerae outbreak in 2010?

A

Haiti

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34
Q

How is V. cholerae treated?

A

ORT (w/ clean water)
Tetracycline

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35
Q

What are the 5 types of E. coli?

A
  1. ETEC
  2. EAEC
  3. EPEC
  4. EIEC
  5. EHEC
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36
Q

What is ETEC?

A

Entero Toxigenic E. coli

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37
Q

What is ETEC responsible for?

A

~60% of Traveller’s diarrhoea cases

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38
Q

What is EAEC?

A

entero Aggretative E. coli

39
Q

What is EAEC responsible for?

A

~35-40% of traveller’s diarrhoea cases

40
Q

What is EPEC?

A

Entero Pathogenic E. coli

41
Q

What is EPEC responsible for?

A

Chronic diarrhoea in newborns

42
Q

What is EIEC?

A

Entero invasive E. coli

43
Q

What is EIEC responsible for?

A

Dysentry

44
Q

What is EHEC?

A

Entero Hemorrhagic E. coli

45
Q

What is EHEC responsible for?

A

Causes HUS
-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (kidney failure)

46
Q

What does C. jejuni cause?

A

Gastroenteritis

47
Q

What is a rare complication associated with C. jejuni?

A

Guillian-Barre syndrome

48
Q

What is Guillian-Barre syndrome?

A

Causes paralysis
1/1000 chance

49
Q

What does H. pylori cause?

A

Stomach ulcers

50
Q

What structure does H.pylori bacteria have?

A

Flagella

51
Q

What does H. pylori produce?

A

Exotoxin and enzyme

52
Q

What does the exotoxin that H. pylori produces do?

A

Decreases stomach acid

53
Q

What enzyme does H. pylori produce?

A

Urease

54
Q

What does Urease do?

A

Degrades urea releasing ammonia, making environment less acidic
!!!MORE ALKALINE

55
Q

How does H. pylori evade immune system cells?

A

Destroys phagocytes

56
Q

How is H.pylori diagnosed?

A

Urea breath test

57
Q

.What is a urea breath test?

A

Urea is swallowed and the amount of radioactive CO2 exhaled is measured

58
Q

What is a symptom of H. pylori?

A

Extreme belching

59
Q

How is H. pylori treated?

A

Metronidazole

60
Q

What does C. diff cause?

A

Colitis

61
Q

What does C. diff produce?

A

A-B exotoxin and exoenzymes

62
Q

What structure does C. diff have?

A

Endospores

63
Q

Where is C. diff commonly spread?

A

Nosocomial and day cares

64
Q

How is C. diff treated?

A

Antibiotics
-Stop use and a new regimen is started

65
Q

What are viral diseases affecting the digestive system?

A

Mumps
Hepatitis

66
Q

Is Mumps preventable?

A

Yes, MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, rubella)

67
Q

How long does Mumps incubate for?

A

After entry it incubates for 16-18 days and lodges

68
Q

Symptoms of mumps?

A

Fever
Difficulty swallowing and talking —> Viral anorexia
Headache
Viremia
meningitis
Deafness

69
Q

In males, mumps viremia causes what?

A

Orchitis
(Inflammation of testis)

70
Q

In females, mumps viremia causes what?

A

Pelvic inflammation, ovaries affected

71
Q

What are the different types of Hepatitis?

A

Hep A
Hep B
Hep C (Non A-B)
Hep D
Hep E
F, G, H

72
Q

What is the infectious form of Hepatitis?

A

Hep A

73
Q

How is Hep A transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route

74
Q

Is Hep A chronic?

A

No chronic form

75
Q

Is Hep A preventable?

A

YES there is a vaccine that uses the inactivated form of the virus

76
Q

What Hepatitis is the serum form (blood)?

A

Hep B

77
Q

How is Hep B transmitted?

A

Blood, Injection drug use, semen

78
Q

Is Hep B preventable?

A

YES there is a vaccine that uses recombinant technology using the capsid and genetically engineered yeast

79
Q

What are the infectious particles of Hep B called?

A

Dane particles
-Which are complete virions

80
Q

Is Hep B chronic?

A

85% recover from acute
15% chronic, dane particle stays= Cancer

81
Q

How is Hep B treated?

A

Lamivudine ®

82
Q

How is Hep C (Non A-B) transmitted?

A

Blood, injection drug users, semen

83
Q

Is Hep C preventable?

A

No there isn’t a vaccine

84
Q

Is Hep C chronic?

A

85% are chronic
15% liver disease

85
Q

How is Hep C treated?

A

Ribavirin + Interferon®

86
Q

How is Hep D transmitted?

A

Hep D only occurs in people infected with Hep B. Hep D is spread from person to person via blood.

87
Q

Is Hep D preventable?

A

Yes, the vaccine for Hep B
(Recombinant: yeast+capsid) to prevent Hep D infection

88
Q

Why is Hep D defective?

A

It is missing a capsid

89
Q

Is Hep D chronic?

A

-Patient with acute Hep B will have acute Hep D
Patient with chronic Hep B will have chronic Hep D

90
Q

How is Hep E transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route

91
Q

What hepatitis does Hep E resemble?

A

Hep A

92
Q

Is Hep E chronic?

A

No but it is responsible for a 20% mortality rate in pregnant women

93
Q

Is Hep E preventable?

A

Yes, HAV vaccine

Microbiology- HLSC 124 🦠 (18 decks)

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