Microbio Chapter 1- Intro to Microbiology Flashcards
What are the 2 kingdoms of cells?
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
What is a Prokaryote?
No true nucleus
One circular chromosome
No membrane bound organelles ONLY RIBOSOMES
Cell wall: Prokaryotes
Complex
Made from peptidoglycan
How do prokaryotes divide?
Binary fission
What is a Eukaryote?
Have a true nucleus
DNA formed in several chromosomes
Many organelles
Cell wall: Eukaryotes
Have no wall or a simple wall
How do eukaryotes divide?
Mitosis and meiosis
What are the two types of prokaryotes?
Eubacteria
Archaea bacteria
What is Eubacteria?
Disease-causing bacteria
What is Archaea?
Live in extreme environments
Cell walls have no peptidoglycan (Pseudo- peptidoglycan)
What are the types of eukaryotes?
Fungi
Protoza
Algae
Parasites
What is fungi?
Distinc nucelus
multicellular or unicellular
Cell wall: Chitin
What are protoza?
Unicellular
Move by pseudopods
are Free entities/parasites (feed on organic matter)
What is algae?
Photosynthetic eukaryotes
Mostly unicellular
Cell walls: cellulose
What are parasites?
feed on living matter
-Not strictly microorganisms
e.g Animals
What are viruses?
Parasites of other forms of life
-Reproduce only by using the cellular machinery of other organisms
Viruses Example?
HIV
AIDS
Stain rash (Measles)
Herpes (Cold sore)
Hepatitis
Influenza, COVID-19
When was the golden age of microbiology?
1857-1914
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Proved biogenesis
Disproved spontaneous generation
What is spontaneous generation?
1861- Life can spontaneously generate from non-living matter
What is biogenesis?
Living things can only be produced by another living thing
What was Pasteur’s experiment?
Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions
What were the steps of Pasteur’s experiment?
He boiled beef broth in flasks
Left some flasks open and exposed to the air
Left some sealed
The open flasks were contaminated with microbes
The sealed flasks were free of microbes
S-shaped flasks trapped microbes
What was pasteur’s experiment the basis of?
Aseptic techniques
What is Pasteurization?
Process of removing pathogens through heat treatment
What is the process of fermentation?
Yeast (microorganisms) convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air
What is the process of food spoilage?
Food is exposed to air which allows bacteria to convert sugar to alcohol and then coverts it to acetic acid
Who is Robert Koch?
1876- Proved that bacterium causes anthrax and can be used as a bioweapon
1881- Postulates
What is the scientific name for anthrax bacteria?
Bacillus anthracis
What are postulates?
A specific microbe causes a specific disease.
Who is Edward Jenner?
1796- Inoculated a subject with the cowpox virus and discovered that the subject gained protection/immunity from the virus
