Microbio Chapter 1- Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

What are the 2 kingdoms of cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryote
Eukaryote

Question 2

What is a Prokaryote?

Answer 2

No true nucleus
One circular chromosome
No membrane bound organelles ONLY RIBOSOMES

Question 3

Cell wall: Prokaryotes

Answer 3

Complex
Made from peptidoglycan

Question 4

How do prokaryotes divide?

Answer 4

Binary fission

Question 5

What is a Eukaryote?

Answer 5

Have a true nucleus
DNA formed in several chromosomes
Many organelles

Question 6

Cell wall: Eukaryotes

Answer 6

Have no wall or a simple wall

Question 7

How do eukaryotes divide?

Answer 7

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 8

What are the two types of prokaryotes?

Answer 8

Eubacteria
Archaea bacteria

Question 9

What is Eubacteria?

Answer 9

Disease-causing bacteria

Question 10

What is Archaea?

Answer 10

Live in extreme environments
Cell walls have no peptidoglycan (Pseudo- peptidoglycan)

Question 11

What are the types of eukaryotes?

Answer 11

Fungi
Protoza
Algae
Parasites

Question 12

What is fungi?

Answer 12

Distinc nucelus
multicellular or unicellular
Cell wall: Chitin

Question 13

What are protoza?

Answer 13

Unicellular
Move by pseudopods
are Free entities/parasites (feed on organic matter)

Question 14

What is algae?

Answer 14

Photosynthetic eukaryotes
Mostly unicellular
Cell walls: cellulose

Question 15

What are parasites?

Answer 15

feed on living matter
-Not strictly microorganisms
e.g Animals

Question 16

What are viruses?

Answer 16

Parasites of other forms of life
-Reproduce only by using the cellular machinery of other organisms

Question 17

Viruses Example?

Answer 17

HIV
AIDS
Stain rash (Measles)
Herpes (Cold sore)
Hepatitis
Influenza, COVID-19

Question 18

When was the golden age of microbiology?

Answer 18

1857-1914

Question 19

Who is Louis Pasteur?

Answer 19

Proved biogenesis
Disproved spontaneous generation

Question 20

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 20

1861- Life can spontaneously generate from non-living matter

Question 21

What is biogenesis?

Answer 21

Living things can only be produced by another living thing

Question 22

What was Pasteur’s experiment?

Answer 22

Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions

Question 23

What were the steps of Pasteur’s experiment?

Answer 23

He boiled beef broth in flasks
Left some flasks open and exposed to the air
Left some sealed
The open flasks were contaminated with microbes
The sealed flasks were free of microbes
S-shaped flasks trapped microbes

Question 24

What was pasteur’s experiment the basis of?

Answer 24

Aseptic techniques

Question 25

What is Pasteurization?

Answer 25

Process of removing pathogens through heat treatment

Question 26

What is the process of fermentation?

Answer 26

Yeast (microorganisms) convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air

Question 27

What is the process of food spoilage?

Answer 27

Food is exposed to air which allows bacteria to convert sugar to alcohol and then coverts it to acetic acid

Question 28

Who is Robert Koch?

Answer 28

1876- Proved that bacterium causes anthrax and can be used as a bioweapon
1881- Postulates

Question 29

What is the scientific name for anthrax bacteria?

Answer 29

Bacillus anthracis

Question 30

What are postulates?

Answer 30

A specific microbe causes a specific disease.

Question 31

Who is Edward Jenner?

Answer 31

1796- Inoculated a subject with the cowpox virus and discovered that the subject gained protection/immunity from the virus