Microbe Cellular Anatomy Flashcards
What are the three shapes in microbes?
Coccus (cocci) round
Bacillus (bacilli) rods
Spiral/helical curved
What does ‘Strepto” mean?
a Chain
What does ‘Staphylo” mean?
Bunches
What does “diplo” mean?
pairs
What does “palisade” mean?
rods
What information does a gram stain provide?
Shape, Color, arrangement
In a gram stain what does blue and pink represent?
positive (b) negative (p)
What is the four step process of doing a gram stain?
Crystal Violet-30 seconds-rinse
Gram’s Iodine-30 seconds-rinse
Decolorizing Alcohol-10 dropsish-rinse
Pink counter stain-30 seconds-rinse
What is a mordant?
the locking mechanism
What makes up a prokaryotes cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer with mebedded protiens and is selectively permiable
What does a prokayrotes cell wall look like?
tough outter layer, mostly carbs with some protien, has peptidoglycan, and has a base layer of both G(-) and G(+) but different outter layers
What gram is penicillin more effective against?
G(+)
What does penicillin do to G(+)?
disrupts the synthesis of the peptidoglycan which causes the cell wall to leak
What do some Gram (+) produce?
exotoxins which are the most toxic toxins to humans
What are three characteristics of Gram(+)?
Stains easily(hard to decolorize), more resistant to drying out, has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall with teichoic acid
which gram can you see light through?
G(+)
What are 6 characteristics of G(-)?
- Thin peptidoglycan base layer
- Outter phospholipid membrane with no teichoic acid
- harder to stain (easier to decolorize)
- more susceptable to drying
- resistant to penicillan
- some pierces of the outter layer can be toxic to humans
What is an endo toxin?
Toxin is part of the organism
Which gram prefers a moist environment?
G(-)
What is the glycocalyx?
A gel like substance surrounding some organisms
What could you call a thick gel-like substance covering an organism?
a capsule
what would you call a thin gel like substance covering an organism?
a slime layer
What is the glycocalyx used for?
used for attachment to surfaces for resisting phagocytosis (such as plaque)
The presence of what can make an organism pathogenic?
glycocalyx