Immunology and vaccines

Question 1

define immunity

Answer 1

resistance to disease causing organism/toxic

Question 2

define Ab titer

Answer 2

measures amounts and classes of Ab. can determine exposeur to or measure protective Ab levels

Question 3

define allergic responses

Answer 3

overstimulation of immune system by allergen (Ag) and requires re-exposeur to allergen

Question 4

define monoclonal Ab

Answer 4

manufactured from cell cultures, make one type of Ab in large amounts.

Question 5

what is commonly used for Monoclonal Ab?

Answer 5

mouse spleen cells though some people are allergic to mouse protiens

Question 6

hat are four types of immunity?

Answer 6

Natural Active, Artificial active, Natural Passive, Artificial Passive

Question 7

What is natural active immunity? 3

Answer 7

Develops after recovery from a naturally acquired infectious disease. Microbial agents stimulate immune responses from memory cells. can remain active for years

Question 8

What is artificial active immunity?

Answer 8

Antigens are introduced to a body by artificial means

Question 9

what is an example of artificial immunity?

Answer 9

vaccines

Question 10

what is the intention of artificial active immunity?

Answer 10

to create a memory for the immune system without causing the disease

Question 11

what is natural passive immunity?

Answer 11

no memory is formed, but antibodies are recieved naturally for a short period of time

Question 12

what are examples of natural passive immunity

Answer 12

babies during gestation, from colostrum, birds and reptiles through the yolk

Question 13

how long will colostrum cover human infants?

Answer 13

3-6 months

Question 14

how long will colostrum cover most animals?

Answer 14

6-12 weeks

Question 15

what is artificial passive immunity?

Answer 15

preformed antibodies via injection, protection only last several weeks

Question 16

what is antiserum?

Answer 16

developed in high levels of antibodies in horses and cattle

Question 17

when would you use artificial passive immunity?

Answer 17

can be used as prophylaxis for high risk population

Question 18

when would you use artificial passive immunity for post exposeur?

Answer 18

diptheria, tetanus, botulism

Question 19

what does prophylaxis mean?

Answer 19

protection

Question 20

What does natural mean?

Answer 20

it comes from the daily environment

Question 21

what does passive mean?

Answer 21

they are preformed antibodies

Question 22

what was the first vaccine/

Answer 22

small pox from cow pox

Question 23

what are the 5 types of vaccines?

Answer 23

killed (inactivated), attenuated (weakened), subunit, toxoid, DNA

Question 24

What is a killed vaccine?

Answer 24

pathogen is exposed to heat or chemicals, the Ag are not altered but unable to multiply.

Question 25

how does one obtain maximum stimulation of Ab?

Answer 25

they much be given in a series

Question 26

what is an attenuated vaccine?

Answer 26

weakened or reduced in force, they are low virulence microbes that will multiply in tissue.

Question 27

what will a single dose of an attenuated vaccine do?

Answer 27

stimulate a high Ab level that lasts a problonged time

Question 28

who cannot have a attenuated vaccine?

Answer 28

pregnant or immunocompromised

Question 29

what is a subunit vaccine?

Answer 29

it uses purified fractions of the microbe and helps reduce side effects

Question 30

what is a toxoid vaccine?

Answer 30

CONTAIN INACTIVATED TOXINS AND MUST BE BOOSTERED. USED TO COMBAT EXOTOXINS

Question 31

what us a DNA vaccine?

Answer 31

injects DNA from infectious agent to cause host to develop Ab of its own. it mimicks a viral infection

Question 32

what is a phage?

Answer 32

a virus can effect a bacterial cell and thrive, multiply,, and mutate inside it.

Question 33

what is transduction?

Answer 33

process in which phage invades bacterial cell