body defenses

Question 1

what do non-specific defenses do?

Answer 1

act on all invading organisms and toxins in the same manner

Question 2

what are two structural barriers?

Answer 2

skin and mucous membranes

Question 3

describe skin

Answer 3

dry, salty, slightly acidic, keratinized

Question 4

what are 3 common skin inhabitants

Answer 4

staphylococcus G(+)
Bacillus G(+)
Corynebacteria G(+)

Question 5

how would you classify the skin inhabitants?

Answer 5

opportunistic

Question 6

what can infect hair, nails, and skin?

Answer 6

fungi

Question 7

what are two types of skin infections?

Answer 7

ring worm and skin rot

Question 8

where are four places you can find mucous membranes?

Answer 8

respiratory tract, conjunctiva, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract

Question 9

what are three things mucus contains?

Answer 9

lysozomes, acids, Ab

Question 10

what does the respiratory tract have to help move things up and out?

Answer 10

cilia

Question 11

what happens if somthing gets passed the cilia into the lungs/

Answer 11

the lungs have cells that are phagocytic, and if there is build up we cough

Question 12

what is microbial antagonism?

Answer 12

symbiotic relationship of normal flora in GI system keeping pathogens in check

Question 13

is the mouth a high or low ph?

Answer 13

low

Question 14

how do viruses invade the body/

Answer 14

through mucous membranes such as eyes, respiratory tract, and mouth

Question 15

what do fatty acids do?

Answer 15

they are directly toxic or upset the cell membranes

Question 16

what do acids in sweat do?

Answer 16

help maintain a low pH that bacteria do not like

Question 17

what ph do acids in sweat maintain?

Answer 17

4-6

Question 18

where is hydrochloric acid?

Answer 18

in the stomach

Question 19

what organisim can survive hydrochloric acid?

Answer 19

helibacter pylori

Question 20

what do lysozomes do?

Answer 20

help digest cell walls, especially G(+)

Question 21

what are three digestive enzymes?

Answer 21

amylase, tripsin, lipase

Question 22

what do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 22

digest starch, fat, protien, and can upset cell membranes and cell walls

Question 23

what is the complement system?

Answer 23

a set of 20 proteins in circulation that assist the immune system

Question 24

what is interferon?

Answer 24

somthing virally infected body cells secrete that trigger surrounding healthy cells to produce antiviral protiens which limit viral speed

Question 25

what are cell mediated defenses?

Answer 25

leukocytes, specialized cells capable of acting in specific manner toward individual pathogens

Question 26

what are the first line of defense against bacteria?

Answer 26

neutrophils which are phagocytic