Micro 9 - Spirochetes And Zoonotics Flashcards
What are the symptoms of Leptospirosis?
First is fever, mialgia, chills, headache. Then there is a brief asymptomatic phase before the second phase that brings meningitis, liver damage, and renal failure.
What is Weil’s disease?
The most severe form of leptospirosis, it is when patients with said disease manifest ictero-hemorrhagic leptospirosis.
What causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi.
What are the characteristics of stage 1 of Lyme disease?
Fever, fatigue, headache, depression. This comes from a few days to a month after the tick bite. The most characteristic finding of this stage is the Erythema migrans, a bulls eye rash (not always shows up).
What are the characteristics of stage 2 Lyme disease?
Happens weeks or months after tick bite, consists of neurologic and cardiac manifestations; Bilateral Bell’s palsy (very few cause this bilaterally) and AV nodal block, and with or without myopericarditis.
What are the characteristics of Stage 3 Lyme disease?
Occurs years after tick bite, causes chronic monoarthritis (usually a knee), migratory polyarthritis, subacute encephalitis.
What is the treatment for Stage 1 or 2 Lyme disease?
Doxycycline. Amoxicillin for children. For 10-14 days.
What is the treatment for stage 3 Lyme disease?
Ceftriaxone IV for 28 days.
What is the characteristic of Primary syphilis?
A single painless chancre.
What is the characteristic of Secondary syphilis?
Patients will have a non specific symptoms like fever, malaise, chills, and maculopapular rash in the trunks and extremities (including palms and soles), and sometimes condyloma lata in the mouth and perineum. Sometimes alopecia areata.
What diseases cause rash that does not spare the soles and palms?
[You drive Kawasaki CA.R.S. with your hands and feet].
Kawasaki, CA (Coxsackie A), R (Rocky mountain spotted fever), S (Secondary Syphilis).
What are the characteristics of Tertiary Syphilis?
Gumma (soft, non-cancerous growth with a firm, necrotic center surrounded by inflamed tissue, which forms an amorphous proteinaceous mass). Can grow anywhere in the body but mostly on liver. Can grow in ascending aorta (causing aortitis,”tree-barking by vaso vasorum [microscopic blood supply] destruction). Also causes Tabes dorsalis, Argyll-Robertson pupil, Charcot’s joints.
What is Tabes dorsalis?
AKA syphilitic myelopathy, a slowly demyelination of the nerves of the dorsal columns and dorsal roots. Causes sensory ataxia, sudden severe stabs of pain and broad-based ataxia and positive Rhomberg sign. Seen in tertiary syphilis.
What is Argyll-Robertson pupil?
The pupil constricts to accommodation but not to direct light in tertiary syphilis.
What is Charcot’s joints?
Joints get damaged because you don’t know where your joint is in space because of all these neurological problems. Seen in Tertiary syphilis and diabetic neuropathy.
What are the characteristics of late congenital syphilis?
Saber shins (anterior bowing of the tibia), saddle nose (bulging of the frontal nose), Hutchinson teeth (notching of the upper incisors, frontal bossing.
What are the characteristics of Early Congenital syphilis?
Snuffles (blood-tinged nasal secretions).
How do we diagnose Syphilis?
VDRL/RPR: Venereal disease research lab/rapid plasma reagent Which detects treponemal antibodies in the serum. Both can produce false positives, so if it is positive, it is followed by FTA-ABS which is far more specific for Treponema pallidum.
