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DIT Microbiology > Micro 7 - Diarrhea > Flashcards

Micro 7 - Diarrhea Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)cause?

A

Bloody diarrhea and severe illness. It produces shiga-like toxin. Can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure.

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2
Q

What is the treatment for Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)?

A

Supportive.

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3
Q

What type of food is most commonly infected with enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)?

A

From infected meat.

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4
Q

What is the most common serotype of Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)?

A

O157:H7.

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5
Q

What does Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) cause?

A

Watery diarrhea due to heat-labile and heat stable enterotoxins. Does not infect the intestinal wall and is the most common type of traveler’s diarrhea.

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6
Q

What does Enteropathic E.coli (EPEC) cause?

A

Produces watery diarrhea, but no toxin produced; the bacteria adhere to the apical surface and flatten the villi, preventing absorption. It is common in children.

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7
Q

What does Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) cause?

A

Bloody diarrhea and fever die to intestinal wall invasion.

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8
Q

To what other bacteria is Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) related to?

A

Shigella.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)?

A

Flouroquinolones, TMP-SMX, azithromycin.

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10
Q

What does Shigella cause and why?

A

It causes watery diarrhea that turns to bloody diarrhea because it invades the intestinal mucosa, causing inflammation and necrosis.

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11
Q

How is Shigella transmitted? How many of these bacteria are needed to cause disease?

A

Can spread from person to person contact and contaminated food and water. It is very virulent, only needs 10 of these to cause symptoms.

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12
Q

What is the structural difference between Shigella and salmonella?

A

Shigella does not have flagella.

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13
Q

How long does Shigella infection last?

A

From one to two weeks.

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14
Q

Which type of Shigella is associated with Reiter syndrome?

A

Shigella flexneri.

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15
Q

What does Salmonella cause?

A

Bloody diarrhea and fever. It is a non-lactose fermenter (like Shigella). The diarrhea begins 1 to 3 days later.

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16
Q

What foods are associated with Salmonella infections?

A

Egg salads and poultry.

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17
Q

What settings is associated with Salmonella other than foods?

A

Pet stores, especially turtles.

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18
Q

What can salmonella cause in sickle cell patients?

A

Osteomyelitis because the salmonella has flagella.

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19
Q

What type of reactive arthritis can salmonella cause?

A

Reiter syndrome.

20
Q

What are “rose spots” on the abdomen indicate?

A

Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi).

21
Q

What are four special traits of Campylobacter jejuni?

A

G(-), Z-shaped, Oxidase positive, and grows in 40C.

22
Q

What does Campylobacter jejuni cause?

A

Causes bloody diarrhea, especially in children.

23
Q

What syndrome is associated with Campulobacter jejuni?

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome.

24
Q

What does Vibrio cholerae cause and why?

A

Watery diarrhea, “rice-water”; it permanently activates cAMP.

25
Q

What is the treatment for Vibrio cholerae?

A

Aggressive oral rehydration.

26
Q

What does Yersinia enterocolitica cause?

A

Bloody diarrhea and mesenteric adenitis (Can mimic appendicitis).

27
Q

What does Klebsiella pneumoniae cause?

A

Normal intestinal flora, but can cause lobar pneumonia when aspirated, especially in people with weakened immune systems. This causes red currant jelly sputum, and necrosis in the lungs. Is a major cause of UTIs.

28
Q

What does Toxin A of Clostridium difficile do?

A

Toxin A (AKA enterotoxin), Binds to the brush border of the gut, leads to intestinal fluid secretion and inflammation.

29
Q

What does Toxin B of Clostridium difficile do?

A

Toxin B (AKA cytotoxin) causes death of enterocytes by targeting its cytoskeleton. This results in pseudomembranous colitis; necrosis with exudates, fibrin, and leukocytes.

30
Q

How do we diagnose pseudomembranous colitis and what is the treatment for it?

A

We test for C.diff toxin in the stool. Treatment is Metronidazole or Vancomycin (orally).

31
Q

What type of foods are associated with Staph aureus toxin infection?

A

Meats, mayonnaise, custard and potato salad.

32
Q

What food is associated with Bacillus cereus?

A

Reheated rice.

33
Q

What foods are associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and vulnificus?

A

Shellfish.

34
Q

What foods are associated with Clostridium botulinum?

A

Improperly canned foods.

35
Q

What foods are associated with Clostridium perfringens?

A

Reheated meat dishes.

36
Q

What foods are associate with E.coli 0157:H7?

A

Undercooked contaminated hamburger meat.

37
Q

What organism would cause food poisoning as a result of mayonnaise sitting out too long?

A

Staph aureus.

38
Q

What organism would cause diarrhea caused by G(-) nonmotile organism that does not ferment lactose?

A

Shigella.

39
Q

What organism would cause Rice-water stools?

A

Vibrio cholerae, could be ETEC.

40
Q

What organism S-shaped organism causes diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter.

41
Q

What organism would cause diarrhea transmitted from house hold pets?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica.

42
Q

What organism would cause food poisoning resulting from reheated rice (chinese food)?

A

Bacillus cereus.

43
Q

What motile G(-) organism causes diarrhea that does not ferment lactose?

A

Salmonella.

44
Q

What is the most common cause of “traveler’s diarrhea”?

A

ETEC.

45
Q

RFF: Food poisoning due to exotoxin.

A

Staph aureus and bacillus cereus.

46
Q

RFF: Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease.

A

Salmonella.

DIT Microbiology (33 decks)

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