Micro 17 - Micro By Systems Part 1 Flashcards
What normal flora bacteria do we find in Nose?
Staph epidermidis, staph aureus.
What normal flora bacteria do we find in oropharynx?
Viridans group streptococci.
What normal flora bacteria do we find in colon?
Bacteroides fragilis and E.coli.
What normal flora bacteria do we find in vagina?
Lactobacillus, e.coli, Group B streptococcus (GBS).
What are the cause of pneumonia in neonates?
GBS, E.coli.
What drugs do we use for pneumonia in neonates?
Ampicillin and gentamicin.
What are the causes of pneumonia in 4 weeks to 18 years of age?
RSV, Mycoplasma, C.trachomatis, C.pneumoniae, S.pneumoniae.
What are the causes of pneumonia in adults 18-40 years?
Mycoplasma, C.pneumoniae, S.pneumoniae.
What are the causes of pneumonia in adults 40-65 years of age?
S.pneumoniae, H.influenzae, Anaerobes.
What would be a good antibiotic to use against anaerobes that is causing pneumonia?
Clindamycin.
What are the causes of pneumonia in elderly patients?
S.pneumoniae, Influenza, Anaerobes, H.influenzae, G(-) rods.
What are two Hospital acquired pneumonia?
MRSA, G(-) rods.
What are some causes of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients?
Pneumocystis jirovecii.
What type of bacteria do we see in aspiration pneumonia?
Anaerobes.
What type of bacteria causes pneumonia in alcoholics/IV drug users?
S.pneumonia, Klebsiella, Staph, anaerobes.
What bacteria do we see in patients with cystic fibrosis?
Pseudomonas, S.aureus, S.pneumoniae.
What are the three bacteria that cause atypical pneumonia?
Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydophila.
What are the causes of meningitis in newborns to 6 months age?
GBS, E.coli, Listeria.
What are the causes of meningitis in ages 6 months to 6 years?
Enterovirus (Echovirus, Coxsackievirus), S.pneumoniae, N.meningitidis (purpura formation on skin), H.influenzae type B.
What are the causes of meningitis from ages 6 years to 60 years?
S.pneumoniae, N.meningitidis, Enteroviruses, HSV (causes temporal lobe encephalitis).
What are the causes of meningitis in patients over the age of 60?
S.pneumoniae, G(-) rods, Listeria.
What is one special cause of meningitis in HIV patients?
Cryptococcus.
How do we treat meningitis?
Culture bacteria from CSF. Empiric antibiotics treatment (ceftriaxone and vacomycin). Dexamethasone (lowers neurologic sequelae in children, morbidity and mortality in adults).
What do we see in the CSF finding of bacterial meningitis?
Pressure ele, WBC count ele, Predominant cell type is neutrophils. Protein ele, Glucose dec.
What do wee see in the CSF finding in fungal and TB meningitis?
Pressure ele, WBC count ele, Predominant cell type is Lymphocytes. Protein ele, Glucose, dec.
What do we see in the CSF finding in viral meningitidis?
Normal to slightly ele pressure, normal to slightly ele protein. Normal glucose, WBC count ele (but similar seen in bacterial meningitis), Predominant cell type (lymphocytes).
What is the most common bacteria seen in osteomyelitis? And what do we use?
S.aureus. Use vancomycin.
What is a common cause of osteomyelitis in young sexually active patients?
N.gonorrhoeae. But it will cause more likely a septic joint rather than osteomyelitis.
What would be the cause of osteomyelitis in diabetic and drug addicts?
Pseudomonas.
What would be the cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?
Salmonella.
What would be the cause of osteomyelitis in prosthetic replacements?
S.aureus, S.epidermidis.
What would be the cause of vertebral osteomyelitis?
Pott’s disease (M.tuberculosis).
What would be the cause of osteomyelitis after dog or cat bites/scratches?
Pasteurella multocida.
How do we diagnose osteomyelitis?
ESR or CRP (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C Reactive protein). If they are normal, you can effectively rule out osteomyelitis. If positive, inflammation is occurring somewhere in the body. Gold standard: bone biopsy. Do MRI.
Common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.
Pneumoncystis jirovecii.
Most common cause of atypical/walking pneumonia.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Most common fungal infection of the lung in the Texas/Gulf Coast region.
Histoplasma.
Common causative agent for pneumonia in alcoholics.
S.pneumoniae>K.pneumoniae.
Can cause interstitial pneumoniae in bird handlers.
C.psittaci.
Often the cause of pneumoniae in a patient with a history of exposure to bats and bat droppings.
Histoplasma.
Fungal cause of pneumonia in patient who has recently visited southern California, New Mexico, or West Texas.
Coccidioides immitis.
Pneumonia associated with currant jelly sputum.
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Causes Q fever.
Coxiella burnetii.
Associated with pneumonia acquired from air conditioners.
Legionella pneumonphila.
Most common cause of pneumonia in children 1-yo or younger.
RSV.
Most common cause of pneumonia in neonate (birth to 28d).
E.coli or GBS.
Most common cause of pneumonia in young adults (including college students, military recruits and prison inmates).
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Most common cause of viral pneumonia.
RSV.
Causes a wool-sorters disease (a life-threatening pneumonia).
Bacillus anthraces.
Common bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Common pneumonia in ventilator patients and those with cystic fibrosis.
Pseudomonas.
Causes Pontiac fever.
Legionella pneumophila.
An adolescent present with cough and rust colored sputum, what does the gram stain of the sputum show?
Strep pneumonia, Showing G(+) diplococci.
What organism would you suspect of a septic arthritis in a 20 yo patient?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (sexually active).
RFF: Most common etiology of bacterial meningitidis in neonates.
Group B Strep.
RFF: Most common etiology of bacterial meningitidis in children.
S.pneumoniae, N.meningitidis.
RFF: Most common etiology of bacterial meningitidis in adults.
S.pneumoniae.
RFF: Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user.
S.aureus, Pseudomonas.
RFF: Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient.
Salmonella.
What normal flora bacteria do we find in skin?
Staph epidemidis.
