Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DIT Microbiology > Micro 30 - Helminths and Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Micro 30 - Helminths and Ectoparasites Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is another name for Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Pinworm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common clinical presentation of Enterobius vermicularis infection and why?

A

Female worm lays eggs at anus at night, causing anal pruritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed?

A

Scotch tape test. Put scotch tape at night on the anus, remove it in the morning to find eggs and sometimes the worm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the treatment for Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Albendazole.
Mebendazole.
Pyrantel pamoate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is second most common helminthic infection in the US?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pathophysiology of ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Female worm releases 200k eggs per day which pass through the stool, if they land in favorable environment, they can become infectious in 2-6 weeks. The ingested eggs hatch in the small intestine and release larvae. They the penetrate bowels, traveling to the lungs, migrate up the trachea to oropharynx to be swallowed. Worms mature in intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another pathology that ascaris lumbricoides can cause?

A

Loffler eosinophilic pnemonitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for Ascaris lumbricoides infection?

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole, or Pyrantel pamoate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the route of infection for Trichinella spiralis?

A

Consuming undercooked meat, especially wild game such as bear meat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Trichinella spiralis?

A

Larvae migrate from GI tract to muscles, causing myositis, fever, eosinophilia, and even periorbital edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which three helminths enter the body through the fecal oral route?

A

[E.A.T.]

Enterobius.
Ascaris.
Trichinella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does one get infected with Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Infected larvae live in soil and then penetrate skin. It then follows the same strange mechanism like ascariasis: goes through the bloodstream, penetrates the alveoli and then you cough it up and swallow it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis?

A
  1. Ivermectin.

2. Mebendazole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which species of helminths are labeled as hookworms?

A

Ancylostoma and Necator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does one get infected with Hookworms?

A

Penetrate skin of feet. Do not walk barefoot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Hookworms?

A

Same mechanism as strogyloides and ascariasis: they hatch on the intestines, travel through the bloodstream, lungs, penetrate alveoli, and then cough it up and swallow it. They then hook onto wall of small intestine and suck blood, leading to abdominal discomfort and anemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for hookworms?

A

Albendazole or mebendazole. Or pyrantel pamoate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three helminths that infect by burrowing into the skin?

A

[SAN].

Strongyloides.
Ancylostoma.
Necator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are cestodes?

A

Tapeworm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the different routes of infection for Taenia solium and what does each produce?

A
  1. Ingestion of the larvae in undercooked pork: adult tapeworm infects GI tract.
  2. Ingestion of eggs in fecally contaminated food or water: Larval infection (cysticercosis).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the treatment for Taenia solium?

A
  1. Praziquantel.
  2. Albendazole + dexamethasone (the corticosterioid is added in cases for neurocysticercosis so that the symptoms do not get worse).
22
Q

What is another name for Diphyllobothrium latum and what symptoms does it cause?

A

AKA Fish tapeworm, ingesting the larvae on raw fish. It can result in B12 deficiency that leads to megaloblastic anemia.

23
Q

What is the treatment for Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Praziquantel.

24
Q

What is another name for the Dog tapeworm?

A

Echinococcus granulosus.

25
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Ingested eggs, that hatch in the GI tract, enter the circulation, and form mature larval cysts in the host parenchyma: many end up in the liver or in the lungs. Sometimes the cysts leaks fluids that can lead to anaphylactic response.

26
Q

What is the treatment for Echinococcus granulosus infection?

A

Surgical removal of cysts or aspiration followed by injection of scolicidal agent (ex: ethanol, hypertonic saline). Albendazole is usually given in conjunction in that procedure.

27
Q

What are nematodes?

A

Roundworms.

28
Q

What are trimatodes?

A

Flukes.

29
Q

What are two high-yield blood flukes?

A

S. mansoni.

S. haematobium.

30
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Schistosoma?

A

Eggs are released to the environment by and infected person. However, they need an intermediate host, which are snails. The larvae mature into cercaria inside snails. The cercaria penetrate the skin of humans, causing the “swimmer’s itch.” They immediately migrate to the lungs or the liver, in order to mature into their final form, to invade either the mesenteric vessels (S. mansoni) or lower urinary tract (S. haematobium). Embolized eggs can get stuck in portal system that can cause portal HTN and splenomegaly.

31
Q

What does chronic infection with S. haematobium is associated with?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder.

32
Q

What is the treatment for Schistosoma infection?

A

Praziquantel.

33
Q

What region of the world is associated with S. haematobium?

A

Egypt. Egyptian immigrant with hematuria.

34
Q

What region of the world is associated with S. mansoni?

A

[Mansoni is the New World Order]

Western hemisphere. Carribian or South America.

35
Q

What is another name for the lung fluke?

A

Paragonimus westermani.

36
Q

What is the most common helminth in the US?

A

Enterobius vermicularis.

37
Q

What are the symptoms of Paragonimus westermani?

A

Chronic bronchitis and hemoptysis.

38
Q

How is one infected with paragonimus westermani? What is the treatmen?

A

Undercooked crab meat. And the treatment is Praziquantel.

39
Q

What is the pathogen that causes liver fluke?

A

Clonorchis sinensis.

40
Q

How is one infected with Clonorchis sinensis?

A

Eating infected freshwater fish.

41
Q

What does Clonorchis sinensis cause? And what is it’s treatment?

A

Lives in biliary tract, causing inflammation, pigmented gallstones, cholangiocarcinoma. Praziquantal and albendazole.

42
Q

What does Wuchereria bancrofti cause?

A

Elephantiasis.

43
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Wuchereria bancrofti?

A

Larvae transmitted by mosquitoes, which then migrate to the lymphatics and cause inflammation and obstruction: this results in elephantiasis of limbs or hydrocele.

44
Q

What is the treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection?

A

Diethylcarbamazine.

45
Q

How is the clinical diagnosis of Pediculosis capitis infection made?

A

The adult head lice make “nits” (liandres in spanish) or ova on the hair shaft, very close to the scalp, which are easy to see compared to the adult head lice.

46
Q

What are the treatments of pediculosis capitis?

A 
Permethrin.
Pyrethrin.
Malathion.
Ivermectin.
Spinosad.
Benzyl alcohol.
47
Q

What must you do when looking for pediculosis pubis?

A

Screen for other sexually transmitted disease since pediculosis pubis is a sexually transmitted disease.

48
Q

What is the treatment for pediculosis pubis?

A

Permethrin and Pyrethrin.

49
Q

Which ectoparasite likes to borrow and affect the interwebbings between the fingers?

A

Scabies.

50
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Permethrin 5% cream or ivermectin.

51
Q

What is the treatment for most all flukes and tapeworms?

A

Praziquantel.

52
Q

What is the treatment for most Hookworm, pinworm, and roundworm?

A

Benzimidazoles (eg. mebendazole).

DIT Microbiology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions