Micro 22 - RNA Viruses Part 1

Question 1

What does Rotavirus cause?

Answer 1

Primary cause of fatal diarrhea in children worldwide under the age of 5. Causes severe diarrhea and vomiting leading to dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities.

Question 2

What time of the year are rotavirus outbreaks the most common?

Answer 2

During the winter months, often seen in daycare centers and playgrounds.

Question 3

What does Coltivirus cause?

Answer 3

[Colt C.O.]
Colorado tick fever. Spread by woodtick, causes acute, self-limited flu-like illness. Found in mountainous regions of western US and Canada.

Question 4

What is the subfamily of virus that is part of the Picornaviruses?

Answer 4

Rhinovirus. Enterovirus that can be further divided into four important smaller groups: poliovirus, coxsackievirus, hepatitis A, and echovirus.

Question 5

What is the pathophysiology of Poliovirus?

Answer 5

Infects gray matter of anterior horn of spinal cord and motor neurons of pons and medulla, causing paralysis.

Question 6

What is the difference between the polio vaccines Salk and Sabin vaccine?

Answer 6

[SalK Killed]

Salk Vaccine is Injected and killed. Sabin vaccine is oral and live.

Question 7

What does Echovirus cause? What time of the year is it mostly likely to strike?

Answer 7

Causes aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and URIs. Likes to strike during summer.

Question 8

What does Coxsackievirus cause?

Answer 8

Aseptic meningitis, Myocarditis, Herpangina, Hand-foot-mouth disease, Febrile pharyngitis.

Question 9

What are the four disease that can cause rash on palms and soles?

Answer 9

Hand-foot-mouth disease (coxsackievirus), Meningococcus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Syphilis.

Question 10

What are the two viruses that cause “The Common cold”?

Answer 10

Rhinovirus and Coronavirus.

Question 11

What important virus are part of the Caliciviruses?

Answer 11

Norwalk Virus.

Question 12

What does Norwalk virus cause?

Answer 12

Viral gastroenteritis: vomiting and diarrhea.

Question 13

In what settings does Norwalk appear?

Answer 13

Winter and on cruise ships and nursing homes.

Question 14

What five diseases belong to the Flaviviruses?

Answer 14

Hepatitis C, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, St.Louis Encephalitis.

Question 15

How is Yellow fever virus spread? What parts of the world is it most common?

Answer 15

Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Found in sub-Saharan Africa and South America.

Question 16

What are the symptoms of Yellow fever?

Answer 16

High fever, Hemorrhagic fever (Hemoptisis, gum bleeding, petechie, black vomit), Jaundice.

Question 17

What are the 2 presentations of Dengue fever?

Answer 17

Classic dengue fever (Break Bone Fever): muscle/joint pain, headache, retro-orbital pain. Hemorrhagic fever: developed less than 20% of dengue patients.

Question 18

What is the Tourniquet Test?

Answer 18

A WHO field test for hemorrhagic dengue fever: Blood pressure is inflated to a point between SBP and DBP. If excess petechiae: Increased capillary wall fragility and thrombocytopenia.

Question 19

How is West Nile virus transmitted?

Answer 19

Birds are the reservoir, and mosquitoes are the vectors. Humans, horses and dogs are incidental hosts. Human viremia is so low that it cannot infect another human with a mosquito intermediate.

Question 20

What are the symptoms of West Nile Virus?

Answer 20

Usually only headache, malaise, back pain, myalgia and anorexia for 3-6 days. Severe symptoms in 1/150: meningitis and/or encephalitis including muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis (via anterior-horn involvement), alterations in consciousness, possibly death.

Question 21

How is West Nile Virus diagnosed?

Answer 21

PCR (Not FDA approved) or Serology for IgM anti-WNV antibodies.

Question 22

What are the 4 arboviruses that cause encephalitis?

Answer 22

St. Louis encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, California encephalitis virus. Arbo: carried by arthropod vector.

Question 23

What a member of the Togavirus?

Answer 23

Rubella (German measels).

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Congenital rubella syndrome?

Answer 24

Cardiac defects (Patent ductus arteriosus, Pulmonic stenosis), Cataracts and Deafness.

Question 25

What are two Retroviruses?

Answer 25

HIV, Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV).

Question 26

What virus would cause fever, jaundice and black vomit?

Answer 26

Yellow fever.

Question 27

What viruses might cause meningitis in summer months?

Answer 27

Echovirus, coxsackievirus, other enteroviruses.

Question 28

What virus infects motor neurons of the anterior horn?

Answer 28

Poliovirus and West Nile virus.

Question 29

What are the two important viruses in the Reovirus family? What are the characteristics of the Reovirus family?

Answer 29

Rotavirus and Coltivirus. They are non-enveloped icosahedral, dsRNA virus.