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DIT Microbiology > Micro 7 - Diarrhea > Flashcards

Micro 7 - Diarrhea Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four types of Escherichia coli?

A
  1. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 2. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 3. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 4. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
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2
Q

Describe Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC).

A
  1. Water diarrhea due to heat-liable and heat stable enterotoxins. 2. Does not infect the intestinal wall 3. Most common type of traveler’s diarrhea.
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3
Q

Describe enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC).

A
  1. Bloody diarrhea and severe illness from infected meat. 2. Most common is 0157:H7 3. Produces shiga-like toxins. 4. Can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS): anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure. Treatment: supportive.
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4
Q

Describe Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC).

A
  1. Watery diarrhea, but not toxin produced. 2. Common in children.
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5
Q

Describe Enteroinvasive E. coli.

A
  1. Bloody diarrhea and fever due to intestinal wall invasion. 2. Closely related to Shigella.
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6
Q

What is the treatment for Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)?

A

Fluoroquinolones, TMP-SMX, azithromycin.

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7
Q

Describe clinical features of Shigella.

A
  1. Causes watery diarrhea that turns to bloody diarrhea by invading the intestinal mucosa, causing inflammation and necrosis. Causes mucus and fever. 2. Produces Shiga toxins as well. 3. Lasts for 1-2 weeks. 4. It is a non-lactose fermenter.
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8
Q

How is Shigella spread?

A
  1. Person to person contact. 2. Contaminated food and water.
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9
Q

How does Shigella differ from Salmonella in terms of their anatomical structure?

A

Shigella does not have flagella. Salmonella does.

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Shigella?

A

Suppurative. In severe cases: Fluoroquinolones = 1st line. TMP-SMX or azithromycin = 2nd line or pediatrics.

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11
Q

Which bacteria infections are related to cause Reiter syndrome?

A
  1. Shigella flexneri 2. Salmonella
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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Salmonella?

A
  1. Bloody diarrhea and fever that begins 1-3 days later. 2. Non-lactose fermenter 3. Picnic setting, egg salad or chicken salad. 4. Turtles, pet stores.
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13
Q

How is salmonella diagnosed?

A

Stool culture.

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14
Q

What is the treatment for salmonella?

A

Healthy adults need only supportive care. In intense cases, fluoroquinolones = 1st line.

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15
Q

What is the bacteria that needs to be suspected in osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?

A

Salmonella due to having flagella that gives them ability to spread hematogenously.

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16
Q

What is classic clinical presentation of Salmonella typhi?

A

“Rose spots” on the abdomen.

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17
Q

Describe campylobacter jejuni.

A
  1. G(-) 2. Z-shaped 3. Oxidase positive 4. Bloody diarrhea, especially in children 5. Grows in at 42C [Campylobacter likes it hot like a camp fire] 6. Self-limited but can last for 1-2 weeks.
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18
Q

How is Campylobacter jejuni transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral; poultry, meat, unpasteurized milk.

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19
Q

Which disease is campylobacter jejuni associated with?

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome.

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20
Q

Describe Vibrio cholerae.

A
  1. G(-) 2. Oxidase positive bacilli 3. Watery diarrhea “Rice-water”- Causes profound diarrhea. 4. Flagellum 5. Grows in alkaline media
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21
Q

What does the toxin of Vibrio cholerae do?

A

Permanently activates cAMP.

22
Q

What is the treatment for Vibrio cholerae?

A

Aggressive oral rehydration.

23
Q

What disease can Yersinia enterocolitica cause that can mimic appendicitis?

A

Mesenteric adenitis

24
Q

How is Yersinia enterocolitica spread?

A

From undercooked pork and milk and hosehold pets.

25
Q

Describe Klebsiella pneumoniae.

A
  1. G(-) 2. Lactose fermenting 3. Normal intestinal flora 4. Affects people with weakened immune systems: alcoholics, dibatics, chronic illness.
26
Q

What pathologies does Klebsiella pneumoniae cause?

A
  1. Lobar pneumonia 2. Red currant jelly sputum 3. Necrosis in the lungs 4. Major cause of UTIs
27
Q

Describe Clostridium difficile.

A
  1. Gram (+) 2. Oxidase negative 3. Spore-forming bacilli 4. Produces Toxin A and Toxin B.
28
Q

What does Toxin A of C. difficile cause?

A

AKA enterotoxin, binds to the brush border of the gut, leads to intestinal fluid secretion and inflammation.

29
Q

What does Toxin B of C. difficile cause?

A

Kills enterocytes by targeting the cytoskeletal structures of the enterocytes. Causes pseudomembranous colitis.

30
Q

Describe pseudomembranous colitis and primary risk factor.

A

Necrosis with exudates, fibrin and leukocytes of the colon caused by overgrowth of C. difficile. Primary risk factor is antibiotic use, especially cindamycin and ampicillin.

31
Q

How do we test for Pseudomembranous colitis?

A

C. diff toxin in the stool.

32
Q

How do we test pseudomembranous colitis?

A
  1. Metronidazole 2. Vancomycin (orally).
33
Q

Why do we use vancomycin orally instead of the usual IV way in pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Because when taken orally, it is not absorbed systematically; its stays on the gut, hoping to control C. diff. This is why it also will not cause nephrotoxicity as it usually does.

34
Q

What foods are associated with Staph aureus?

A

Meats, mayonnaise, potato salad, and custard.

35
Q

Why does Staph aureus produce rapid onset of symptoms when ingested?

A

Preformed toxin.

36
Q

What bacteria is associated with reheated rice?

A

Bacillus cereus.

37
Q

What bacteria is associated with shellfish?

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and vulnificus.

38
Q

What food is associated with Clostridium botulinum?

A

Improperly canned foods.

39
Q

What bacteria is associated with clostridium perfringens?

A

Reheated meat disehes.

40
Q

What bacteria is associated with undercooked contaminated hamburger meat?

A

E. coli O157:H7

41
Q

Which form of E. coli causes hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A

E. coli O157:H7

42
Q

Which bacteria is associated with food poisoning as a result of mayonnaise sitting out for too long?

A

Staph aureus

43
Q

Which bacteria is associated with diarrhea caused by G(-) nonmotile organism that does not ferment lactose?

A

Shigella

44
Q

Which bacteria is associated with rice-water stools?

A

Vibrio cholerae Could potentially be Enterotoxigenic E. coli.

45
Q

Which bacteria is associated with diarrhea caused by S-shaped organism?

A

Campylobacter

46
Q

Which bacteria is associated with diarrhea transmitted from household pets?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

47
Q

Which bacteria is associated with food poisoning resulting from reheated rice?

A

Bacillus cereus

48
Q

Which bacteria is associated with diarrhea caused by G(-) motile organism that does not ferment lactose?

A

Salmonella.

49
Q

Which bacteria is associated with the most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea?

A

ETEC

50
Q

Which bacteria is associated with diarrhea after a course of antibiotics?

A

Clostridium difficile

51
Q

Which bacteria is associated with food poisoning due to exotoxin?

A

S. aureus and Bacillus cereus

52
Q

Which bacteria is associated with osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease?

A

Salmonella.

DIT Microbiology (33 decks)

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