MICRO Flashcards
Aminoglycosides (2)
Interactions (2)?
- Nephrotoxicity / Ototoxicity
- Neuromuscular blockade
INTERACTIONS:
- Cephalosporins (Nephrotoxicity)
- Loop Diuretics (Ototoxicity)
Acyclovir / Famciclovir / Valacyclovir
Nephrotoxicity -> Obstructive Crystalline Nephropathy
-> Acute Renal Failure
Amphotericin B (4)
- Red / Green Color-Blindness
- Fever + Chills
- IV Phlebitis
- Anemia
Ampicillin
Pseudomembranous Collitis
- Azoles
Fever + Chills
Cephalosporins (3)
Interactions (2)?
(2nd Gen- Cefoxitin + Cefotetan) - Vitamin K def + PT depletion -> Bleeding into body cavities - Disulfiram-like rx (Ceftriaxone) - Inadequate biliary metab
INTERACTIONS:
- Cross-hypersensitivity with Penicillins (5-10% of patients)
- ↑nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
Chloramphenicol (2)
- Anemia (dose dependent) / Aplastic Anemia (dose indep)
- Gray-Baby Sx
Chloroquine (3)
- Retinopathy
- Pruritus
- Torsades de Pointes / Prolonged QT
Clindamycin
Pseudomembranous Collitis (C difficile overgrowth)
Dapsone
Agranulocytosis
Didanosine (2)
- PAINFUL Neuropathy
- Pancreatitis
Efavirenz
CNS symptoms, incl vivid dreams
Ethambutol
Red / Green Color-Blindness
Fluoroquinolones (4)
- Rashes
- Dizziness + Headaches
- Tendonitis + Achilles Tendon rupture (Adults. Due to cartilage damage)
- Bone growth abnormalities + Leg cramps + Myalgias (Kids + Pregnancy. Due to cartilage damage)
Griseofulvin
Interaction?
Carcinogenic
INTERACTION:
-↑Warfarin metab
Hydroxychloroquine
Myopathies
Idinavir (3: NEPHRO)
- Crystallization in urine
- Hematuria
- Nephropathy
Imipinem / Cilastatin
CNS toxicity, incl seizures
Isoniazid (INH) (7)
*THINK: INH = “Injures Neurons + Hepatocytes”
- Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
- Sideroblastic Anemia
- Pellagra (↓Vit B6)
- Hepatitis
- Rhabdomyolysis
- SLE-like Sx
- Seizures
Ketoconazole
Gynecomastia
Macrolides (3)
Interactions (2)?
- Torsades de Pointes / Prolonged QT
- Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis
- Eosinophilia +m Rash
INTERACTIONS: ↑serum conc of:
- Anticoagulants (Oral)
- Theophyllines
Methicillin
Interstitial Nephritis
Methimazole
Aplastic Anemia
Metronidazole
Disulfiram-like rx
Nitrofurantoin
Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
NRTIs + NNRTIs (5)
- BM suppression
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Lactic Acidosis
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Rash
Penicillin (2)
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Rash / Stevens-Johnson Sx
Primaquine (Anti-Malarial)
Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
Protease Inhibitors (4)
- Torsades de Pointes / Prolonged QT
- Hyperglycemia
- GI intolerance
- Lipodystrophy (fat redistribution)
Pyrazinamide (2)
- Hyperuricemia -> Gout
- Hepatotoxicity
Quinine (Anti-Malarial)
Cinchonism
Quinolones
CI?
CI: (Relatively)
- Children
Raltegravir
Hypercholesterolemia
Ribavirin
Hemolytic Anemia
Rifampin
Rhabdomyolysis
Sulfa Drugs (3)
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia (incl BM suppression)
- Hemolysis in G6PD Def
- Rash / Stevens-Johnson Sx
Sulfonamides (6)
Interactions?
- Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
- Photosensitivity
- Hypotension
- Hypothyroidism
- Nephrotoxicity (Tubulointerstitial Nephritis)
- Kernicterus in infants
INTERACTIONS: Displaces drugs from Albumin (ie Warfarin)
Tetracycline (5)
- Photosensitivity
- Discoloration of teeth (Children)
- Inhib of bone growth (Children)
- Fanconi’s Sx (EXPIRED Tetracycline)
- Esophagitis / Esophageal Ulcer
Vancomycin (3)
- Cutaneous Flushing (“red man sx”)
- Nephrotoxicity / Ototoxicity
- Thrombophlebitis
Zidovudine
Non-Megaloblastic Anemia
NEUROTOXIC Antibiotics
(7: 3 Antibiotics + 2 Antifungals + 2 Antivirals)?
- Carbapenems
- Fluoroquinolones
- INH
- Terbinafine
- Griseofulvin
- Amantadine
- Efavirenz
OTOTOXIC Antibiotics (2)
- Vancomycin
- Aminoglycosides
NEPHROTOXIC Antibiotics
(6: 4 Antibiotics + 2 Antivirals)
RX (2: General + for Cidofovir)?
- Vancomycin
- Aminoglycosides
- Sulfonamides
- Amphotericin B
- Antiviral ‘Nucleic Acid Syn Inhibitors’ EXCEPT Ribavarin
- Idinavir
RX:
- Hydration usually decreases nephrotoxicity
- (Cidofovir TOX) Coadminister with IV saline + Probenecid
HEPATOTOXIC Antibiotics
5: 3 Antibiotics + 1 Antifungal + 1 Antivirus
- Macrolides (Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis)
- INH
- Pyrazinamide
- Terbinafine (abnormal LFTs)
- NNRTIs
Antibiotics that cause Arrhythmias (2)
- Macrolides
- Amphotericin B
Antibiotics that cause Hypotension (2)
- Sulfonamides
- Amphotericin B
Antibiotics that cause Flushing (2: 1 Antibiotic + 1 Antifungal Class)
- Vancomycin
- Antifungal ‘Cell Wall Syn Inhibitors’: -fungin
Antibiotics that cause Hemolytic Anemia (3: 2 Antibiotics + 1 Antiviral)?
- Penicillin
- Sulfonamides (if G6PD def)
- Ribavirin
Antifungal Class that causes Gynecomastia
- Ergosterol Syn Inhibitors: -azole
Antibiotic that causes Lupus / SLE-like sx
INH
Antibiotics that cause Pseudomembranous Collitis (2)
- Aminopenicillins
- Clindamycin
Antibiotics that cause Rash (6: 4 Antibiotics + 2 Antivirals)
- Aminopenicillins
- Carbapenems
- Macrolides
- Fluoroquinolones
- Tenofovir
- NNRTIs
Antibiotics to AVOID IN PREGNANCY
(11: “Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care” + 1 HIV Antiviral Class)?
- Clarithromycin
- Sulfonamides (Kernicterus)
- Aminoglycosides (Ototoxicity)
- Fluoroquinolones (Cartilage damage)
- Metronidazole (Mutagenesis)
- Tetracyclines (Bone Growth inhib)
- Ribavirin
- Griseofulvin
- Chloramphenicol (‘Gray Baby Sx’)
- NNRTIs: Delavirdine + Efavirenz
