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Drug Reactions > MICRO > Flashcards

MICRO Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Aminoglycosides (2)

Interactions (2)?

A
  • Nephrotoxicity / Ototoxicity
  • Neuromuscular blockade

INTERACTIONS:

  • Cephalosporins (Nephrotoxicity)
  • Loop Diuretics (Ototoxicity)
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1
Q

Acyclovir / Famciclovir / Valacyclovir

A

Nephrotoxicity -> Obstructive Crystalline Nephropathy

-> Acute Renal Failure

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2
Q

Amphotericin B (4)

A
  • Red / Green Color-Blindness
  • Fever + Chills
  • IV Phlebitis
  • Anemia
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3
Q

Ampicillin

A

Pseudomembranous Collitis

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4
Q
  • Azoles
A

Fever + Chills

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5
Q

Cephalosporins (3)

Interactions (2)?

A 
(2nd Gen- Cefoxitin + Cefotetan)
- Vitamin K def + PT depletion -> Bleeding into body cavities
- Disulfiram-like rx 
(Ceftriaxone)
- Inadequate biliary metab

INTERACTIONS:

  • Cross-hypersensitivity with Penicillins (5-10% of patients)
  • ↑nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
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6
Q

Chloramphenicol (2)

A
  • Anemia (dose dependent) / Aplastic Anemia (dose indep)

- Gray-Baby Sx

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7
Q

Chloroquine (3)

A
  • Retinopathy
  • Pruritus
  • Torsades de Pointes / Prolonged QT
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8
Q

Clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous Collitis (C difficile overgrowth)

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9
Q

Dapsone

A

Agranulocytosis

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10
Q

Didanosine (2)

A
  • PAINFUL Neuropathy

- Pancreatitis

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11
Q

Efavirenz

A

CNS symptoms, incl vivid dreams

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12
Q

Ethambutol

A

Red / Green Color-Blindness

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13
Q

Fluoroquinolones (4)

A
  • Rashes
  • Dizziness + Headaches
  • Tendonitis + Achilles Tendon rupture (Adults. Due to cartilage damage)
  • Bone growth abnormalities + Leg cramps + Myalgias (Kids + Pregnancy. Due to cartilage damage)
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14
Q

Griseofulvin

Interaction?

A

Carcinogenic

INTERACTION:
-↑Warfarin metab

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15
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

Myopathies

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16
Q

Idinavir (3: NEPHRO)

A
  • Crystallization in urine
  • Hematuria
  • Nephropathy
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17
Q

Imipinem / Cilastatin

A

CNS toxicity, incl seizures

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18
Q

Isoniazid (INH) (7)

*THINK: INH = “Injures Neurons + Hepatocytes”

A
  • Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
  • Sideroblastic Anemia
  • Pellagra (↓Vit B6)
  • Hepatitis
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • SLE-like Sx
  • Seizures
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19
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Gynecomastia

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20
Q

Macrolides (3)

Interactions (2)?

A
  • Torsades de Pointes / Prolonged QT
  • Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis
  • Eosinophilia +m Rash

INTERACTIONS: ↑serum conc of:

  • Anticoagulants (Oral)
  • Theophyllines
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21
Q

Methicillin

A

Interstitial Nephritis

22
Q

Methimazole

A

Aplastic Anemia

23
Q

Metronidazole

A

Disulfiram-like rx

24
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients

25
Q

NRTIs + NNRTIs (5)

A
  • BM suppression
  • Megaloblastic Anemia
  • Lactic Acidosis
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Rash
26
Q

Penicillin (2)

A
  • Hemolytic Anemia

- Rash / Stevens-Johnson Sx

27
Q

Primaquine (Anti-Malarial)

A

Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients

28
Q

Protease Inhibitors (4)

A
  • Torsades de Pointes / Prolonged QT
  • Hyperglycemia
  • GI intolerance
  • Lipodystrophy (fat redistribution)
29
Q

Pyrazinamide (2)

A
  • Hyperuricemia -> Gout

- Hepatotoxicity

30
Q

Quinine (Anti-Malarial)

A

Cinchonism

31
Q

Quinolones

CI?

A

CI: (Relatively)

- Children

32
Q

Raltegravir

A

Hypercholesterolemia

33
Q

Ribavirin

A

Hemolytic Anemia

34
Q

Rifampin

A

Rhabdomyolysis

35
Q

Sulfa Drugs (3)

A
  • Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia (incl BM suppression)
  • Hemolysis in G6PD Def
  • Rash / Stevens-Johnson Sx
36
Q

Sulfonamides (6)

Interactions?

A
  • Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
  • Photosensitivity
  • Hypotension
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Nephrotoxicity (Tubulointerstitial Nephritis)
  • Kernicterus in infants

INTERACTIONS: Displaces drugs from Albumin (ie Warfarin)

37
Q

Tetracycline (5)

A
  • Photosensitivity
  • Discoloration of teeth (Children)
  • Inhib of bone growth (Children)
  • Fanconi’s Sx (EXPIRED Tetracycline)
  • Esophagitis / Esophageal Ulcer
38
Q

Vancomycin (3)

A
  • Cutaneous Flushing (“red man sx”)
  • Nephrotoxicity / Ototoxicity
  • Thrombophlebitis
39
Q

Zidovudine

A

Non-Megaloblastic Anemia

40
Q

NEUROTOXIC Antibiotics

(7: 3 Antibiotics + 2 Antifungals + 2 Antivirals)?

A
  • Carbapenems
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • INH
  • Terbinafine
  • Griseofulvin
  • Amantadine
  • Efavirenz
41
Q

OTOTOXIC Antibiotics (2)

A
  • Vancomycin

- Aminoglycosides

42
Q

NEPHROTOXIC Antibiotics
(6: 4 Antibiotics + 2 Antivirals)

RX (2: General + for Cidofovir)?

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Sulfonamides
  • Amphotericin B
  • Antiviral ‘Nucleic Acid Syn Inhibitors’ EXCEPT Ribavarin
  • Idinavir

RX:

  • Hydration usually decreases nephrotoxicity
  • (Cidofovir TOX) Coadminister with IV saline + Probenecid
43
Q

HEPATOTOXIC Antibiotics

5: 3 Antibiotics + 1 Antifungal + 1 Antivirus

A
  • Macrolides (Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis)
  • INH
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Terbinafine (abnormal LFTs)
  • NNRTIs
44
Q

Antibiotics that cause Arrhythmias (2)

A
  • Macrolides

- Amphotericin B

45
Q

Antibiotics that cause Hypotension (2)

A
  • Sulfonamides

- Amphotericin B

46
Q

Antibiotics that cause Flushing (2: 1 Antibiotic + 1 Antifungal Class)

A
  • Vancomycin

- Antifungal ‘Cell Wall Syn Inhibitors’: -fungin

47
Q

Antibiotics that cause Hemolytic Anemia (3: 2 Antibiotics + 1 Antiviral)?

A
  • Penicillin
  • Sulfonamides (if G6PD def)
  • Ribavirin
47
Q

Antifungal Class that causes Gynecomastia

A
  • Ergosterol Syn Inhibitors: -azole
49
Q

Antibiotic that causes Lupus / SLE-like sx

A

INH

50
Q

Antibiotics that cause Pseudomembranous Collitis (2)

A
  • Aminopenicillins

- Clindamycin

51
Q

Antibiotics that cause Rash (6: 4 Antibiotics + 2 Antivirals)

A
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Carbapenems
  • Macrolides
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Tenofovir
  • NNRTIs
52
Q

Antibiotics to AVOID IN PREGNANCY

(11: “Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care” + 1 HIV Antiviral Class)?

A
  • Clarithromycin
  • Sulfonamides (Kernicterus)
  • Aminoglycosides (Ototoxicity)
  • Fluoroquinolones (Cartilage damage)
  • Metronidazole (Mutagenesis)
  • Tetracyclines (Bone Growth inhib)
  • Ribavirin
  • Griseofulvin
  • Chloramphenicol (‘Gray Baby Sx’)
  • NNRTIs: Delavirdine + Efavirenz

Drug Reactions (15 decks)

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