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Drug Reactions > CARDIO > Flashcards

CARDIO Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Adenosine

(3)?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Flushing
  • Chest pain
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1
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Cough

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2
Q

Amiodarone

Toxicities (9 Categories)?

** 40% IODINE by weight **
** S/E of ALL CLASSES of Antiarrhythmics because it
ALTERS LIPID MEMB. **
** Remember to check PFTs, LFTs & TFTs **

A
  • CV effects: Bradycardia, Heart Block, CHF
  • Pulm Fibrosis
  • Neuro effects
  • Hypothyroidism / Hyperthyroidism (40% iodine by weight)
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Constipation
  • Corneal deposits
  • Blue/Grey Skin deposits -> Photodermatitis
  • Photosensitivity
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3
Q

Bile Acid Resins

A

Cholesterol Gallstones

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4
Q

Bretylium

(2)?

A
  • Hypotension

- NEW arrhythmias

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5
Q

Class 1 Antiarrhythmics (Na Channel Blockers)

Cause of Toxicity?

A

Hyperkalemia

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6
Q

Class 1A Antiarrhythmics (Quinidine, Disopyramide + Procainamide)

(5)?

A
  • Torsades de Pointes / ↑QT interval
  • HF
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Cinchonism
  • Reversible SLE-like sx
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6
Q

Class 1B Antiarrhythmics (Lidocaine + Mexiletine)

(2)?

A
  • CNS stim / depression

- CV depression

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7
Q

Class 1C Antiarrhythmics (Flecainide + Propafenone)

CI?

A

Proarrhytmic (especially post-MI)

CI: patients w structural + ischemic HD

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8
Q

Class 4 Antiarrhythmics (Ca Channel Blockers)

(4)?

A
  • Edema
  • Flushing
  • CV effects: AV block, Sinus Node depression + CHF
  • Constipation (↓gut mobility due to gastrin using Ca)
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9
Q

Class 3 Antiarrhythmics

A

Torsades de Pointes

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10
Q

Digoxin / Cardiac Glycosides #1

Interactions LEADING to Toxicity:
Drugs (6), Ionic States (3), Condition?

A 
DRUGS: COMPETE for binding sites +↓Clearance 
               (all EXCEPT Diuretics)
- Quinidine (↓Digoxin clearance by displacing it from tis binding sites)
- Amiodarone
- NSAIDs
- CCBs
- B Blockers
- Diuretics (can produce Hypokalemia)

IONIC STATES:

  • ↓K (allows for Digoxin binding at K-binding sites on Na/K ATPase)
  • ↓Mg
  • ↑Ca

CONDITIONS:
- Renal Failure (↓Digoxin excretion)

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12
Q

Digoxin / Cardiac Glycosides #2

Toxicities (5, incl 3 EKG), Worsened By (3, incl 1 drug)?

A

TOX:

  • Hyperkalemia
  • Arrhythmia
  • EKG:↑PR +↓QT, ST scooping, T wave insertion
  • Cholinergic -> (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, “blurry yellow vision”)
  • Gynecomastia

WORSENED BY:

  • Hypokalemia (allows for↑digoxin binding at K-binding sites on NA/K ATPase)
  • Renal failure (↓excretion)
  • Quinidine (↓digoxin clearance & displaces digoxin from tis binding sites)
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13
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Statins

(3: 1 GI + 2 MSK)?

A
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Myopathies
  • Rhabdomyolysis
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13
Q

Diazoxide

A

Hyperglycemia (↓insulin release)

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14
Q

Fibrates

(5)?

A
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Cholesterol Gallstones
  • Diarrhea
  • Myopathies
  • Rhabdomyolysis
15
Q

Niacin

(4)?

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hyperuricemia -> Gout
  • Cutaneous Flushing (“red flushed face”)
    • ↓by Aspirin or long-term use.*
  • Myopathies
16
Q

Nitroglycerin

(6: 5 general + 1 dz/sx)?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Flushing
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Monday Dz (in industrial exposure): devel of TOLERANCE for vasodilating action during work week / loss of tolerance during wknd -> toxicity symptoms (above) upon reexposure.
18
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Cyanide toxicity (releases CN)

19
Q

Sotalol

(2)?

A
  • Torsades de Pointes

- Excessive b block

20
Q

Verapamil

A

Gingival Hyperplasia

21
Q

Drugs that Cause Arrhythmias

(3: 2 Antibiotics + 1 ANS)?

A
  • Macrolides
  • Amphotericin B
  • Long-Acting b2-Agonists
22
Q

Drugs that cause Coronary Vasospasm

(2)?

A
  • Cocaine

- Sumatriptan

23
Q

Drugs that cause Cutaneous Flushing

(4: “VANC” + -fungin)?

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Adenosine
  • Niacin
  • Ca Channel Blockers
  • Antifungal ‘Cell Wall Syn Inhibitors’: -fungin
24
Q

Drugs that cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy

(2)?

A
  • Daunorubicin

- Doxorubicin

25
Q

Drugs that cause Hypotension

(2 Antibiotics)?

A
  • Sulfonamides

- Amphotericin B

26
Q

Drugs that Prolong QT Interval / cause Torsades de Pointes

(7: “Some Risky Meds Can Prolong QT”)?

A
  • Sotalol + Ibutilide (Class III Antiarrhythmics)
  • Risperidone
  • Macrolides
  • Chloroquine
  • Protease Inhibitors
  • Quinidine (Class IA Antiarrhythmic)
  • Thiazides

Drug Reactions (15 decks)

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