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General Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Competitive Inhibitors

Mech of Action (3)?

A

MECH:

  • Bind REVERSIBLY to receptor = Bind to receptor’s Active Site
  • ↓receptor’s Affinity for substrate =>↑Km
  • Can be overcome by↑substrate
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1
Q

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Mech of Action (2)?

A

MECH:

  • Bind Irreversibly to receptor = Bind to receptor’s Allosteric Site
  • ↓Potency =↓Vmax
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2
Q

Drugs that can Cross Barriers (ie BBB, BPB)

Chars (3), Toxicities (3)?

A

CHARS:

  • Uncharged =
  • Hydrophobic / Lipophilic
  • Basic (usually)

TOX:

  • Hepatotoxicity
  • CNS symptoms
  • Rhabdomyolysis
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3
Q

Metabolized by P450

A
  • RESP Drugs: Methylxanthines (ie Theophylline)
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4
Q

P450 Inducers (7)

  • “Barb Steals Phen and Refuses Greasy Carbs Chronically” *
A
  • Barbiturates
  • St John’s Wort
  • Phenytoin
  • Rifampin
  • Griseofulvin
  • Carbamazepine
  • Chronic alcohol abuse
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5
Q

P450 Inhibitors (11)

A
  • “MAGIC RACKS” *
  • Macrolides
  • Amiodarone
  • Grapefruit juice
  • Isoniazid
  • Cimetidine
  • Ritonavir
  • Acute alcohol abuse
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Ketoconazole (and other -azoles)
  • Sulfonamides
  • Quinidine
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6
Q

Sulfa Drugs (9)

Sulfa Allergy Pres (5)?

A
  • “Popular FACTSSS” *
  • Probenacid
  • Furosemide
  • Acetazolamide
  • Celecoxib
  • Thiazides
  • Sulfonamide antibiotics
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Sulfonylureas
  • Dapsone (for Leprosy)

PRES:

  • Cytopenia
  • Fever
  • Hives / Pruritic rash
  • Stevens-Johnson Sx
  • UTIs
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7
Q

Nitro + Sulfa Drugs

Mech of Action, Mech of Toxicity (2)?

A

MECH: Oxidizing agents

TOX (MECH):
- Production of Methemoglobin
- Production of Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency
↑in peroxide destroys RBCs

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8
Q

Electron Transport Inhibitors (4)

Mech?

A

MECH: Inhib e transport ->↓proton gradient.

  • CO
  • Cyanide
  • Antimycin A
  • Rotenone
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9
Q

ATP Synthase Inhibitor

Mech?

A

MECH: Inhib ATP Synthase -> Inhib e transport ->↑proton gradient.

  • Oligomycin
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10
Q

Uncoupling Agents (3)

Mech, Pres (2)?

A

MECH:↑memb permeability -> ↓proton gradient.

  • E transport continues
  • ↑O2 consumption = Heat production + Hypoxia

PRES:

  • Hypoxia
  • Hyperthermia
  • Alcohol
  • Aspirin
  • 2,4- Dinitrophenol (used illicitly for weight loss)
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11
Q

Erythema Multiforme -> Stevens-Johnson Sx ->
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Causative Drugs (8: 2 Antibiotic Classes, 5 Epilepsy, 1 Gout)?

A
  • Penicillins
  • Sulfa Drugs
  • Phenobarbital
  • Phenytoin
  • Carbamazepine
  • Ethosuximide
  • Lamotrigine
  • Allopurinol
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12
Q

Arthus Rx

Mech, Pres (2)?

A

MECH: Type 3 HS- antigen-ab complexes form in skin.

PRES: After intradermal injection of antigen (eg Tetanus vaccine)

  • Infl / Edema
  • Necrosis
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13
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer Rx

Mech, Pres?

A

MECH = Killed bacteria releasing pyrogens / toxins.

PRES = Flu-like sx after antibiotics (usually for Syphilis) started

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14
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

Causative Drugs (4)?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Bleomycin
  • Busulfan
  • Methotrexate
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15
Q

Reactions to Transfusion

A
  • DIC
16
Q

Disulfiram-like Effects

Def’n, Mech (3 steps), Causative Drugs / Drug Classes (3)?

A

(Antabuse). Hypotension, flushing + sweating, severe headache, nausea + vomiting.

MECH:
Inhib of Aldehyde dehydrogenase ->
Alcohol can’t be metabolized ->
↑in Aldehyde.

DRUGS:

  • 1st Generation Sulfonylureas
  • Cephalosporins
  • Metronidazole
17
Q

Lead Poisoning

Sign?

A

‘Burton Line’: Bluish line on gingiva

18
Q

a-amanitin (in Amanita phalloides = “Death Cap mushrooms”)

Mech, Toxicity?

A

MECH = Inhib of RNA Polymerase II

TOX = Severe Hepatotoxicity

19
Q

Arsenic Toxicity

Mech, Pres (3)?

A

MECH = Inhib of Lipoic acid (cofactor in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex).

PRES:

  • Garlic breath
  • Vomiting
  • Rice-Water stools
20
Q

Arsenic Exposure

Comp?

A

COMP:

- Squamous Cell Carcinoma

21
Q

Drugs Contraindicated in Pregnancy

  • Antibiotics (10: 6 antibiotics + 1 antifungal + 3 antivirals)
  • Thyroid Drug
  • Cancer Drug (Antimetabolite)
  • CV / Renal Drug Class
A
  • Sulfonamides -> Kernicterus
  • Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin / oxacin) -> cartilage damage
  • Aminoglycosides (-mycin) + Tetracyclines (-cycline)
  • Macrolides (-thromycin)
  • Chloramphenicol -> Gray Baby Sx
  • Metronidazole -> Mutagenesis
  • Griseofulvin
  • Ribavirin
  • Delavirdine + Efavirenz
  • Methimazole
  • MTX
  • ACE Inhibitors

Drug Reactions (15 decks)

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