Metabolism Flashcards
Lecture 1
the universal currency of free energy is…
ATP
Where do we get energy
calories
What are the 3 main sources of calories? Rank which ones are the most effective
Calories come from
carbohydrates (40-60%),
fat (30-40%) and
protein (10-15%)
What is the average energy requirement for someone
1920 to 2900 Kcal/ day
T/F ATP is an energy storage molecule
False, it quickly hydrolyzes
What are the storage molecules for plants and animals
glycogen and starch
would pregnancy be considered normal or abnormal metabolism
Normal!
Would adaptation to periods of starvation be considered normal or abnormal metabolism
normal
Define: The interconversion of chemical
compounds in the body through
metabolic pathways
Metabolism
What are the 3 types of metabolic pathways? And give an example of each
Anabolic - glycogen synthesis
Catabolic - glycolysis
Amphibolic- Citric acid cycle
is catabolism exo or endo thermic ?
Exothermic
is anabolism exo or endo thermic ?
Endothermic
Metabolism = _______ + _______
Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism
If Anabolism is more than Catabolism = ?
If Anabolism is more than Catabolism=Obesity
Catabolism is more than Anabolism
Catabolism is more than Anabolism =Emaciation
All catabolic reactions involve _______, which allows energy to be captured in high-energy bonds in ATP
and similar molecules
All catabolic reactions involve electron
transfer, which allows energy to be
captured in high-energy bonds in ATP
and similar molecules
Electron transfer is directly related to
what ?
Electron transfer is directly related to
oxidation and reduction
The removal of electron from a molecule or
atom is known as
Oxidation
Oxygen is an oxidizer or reducer?
Oxygen is an oxidizer
if a molecule donates an e it becomes..
oxidized
if a molecule accepts an e it becomes…
reduced
The typical electron acceptor that we see is
molecular oxygen, which gets converted to h20
The substances that are being broken down catabolism are getting oxidized or reduced?
oxidized
how many electrons and protons are stripped off by NAD?
2 electrons and 2 protons per NAD+
is NAD an e acceptor or donor
acceptor
ATP is the ultimate product of anabolic or catabolic pathways or both?
catabolic
How many high energy bonds are in ATP
2
How many high energy bonds in ADP ?
1
How many high energy bonds in AMP ?
0
Where are high energy bonds found ?
between phosphate groups
what is a dehydrogenation ?
an oxidation reaction during which a proton and an electron are lost
what is a hydrogenation ?
a reduction reaction during which both a proton and an electron are gained
is glycolysis anabolic or catabolic
catabolic
Generally what are the products of glycolysis?
ATP and compounds that are employed by celllular respiration to generate additional atp
list the 3 main pathways for energy production
- glycolysis
- citric acid cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
how many protons and electrons are found in an atom of h
An atom of hydrogen contains only one proton (H+)
and one electron (e)
T/F: The term proton and the term hydrogen
ion (H+) are interchangeable
Therefore, the term proton and the term hydrogen
ion (H+) are interchangeable
T/F Electrons have stored energy, or potential energy,
ready to do work and when an atom or molecule
loses that electron (becomes oxidized) that energy
is released and able to do cellular work
True
How many protons and electrons are removed by NAD
•NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms (2H+ and 2e)
from its substrate. Both electrons but only one
proton is accepted by the NAD+ to produce its
reduced form, NADH + H+.
How many protons and electrons are removed by FAD?
FAD or flavin adenine dinucleotide, removes two
hydrogen atoms (2H+ and 2e)
from its substrate.
Both electrons and both protons are accepted by the
FAD to produce its reduced form, FADH2
What 2 things are used to generate proton motive force
FADH2, and NADH
