Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Meharry Biochem > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

Where do glycolysis take place

A

In cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does glycolysis require oxygen

A

No , can function either in the
presence of oxygen (aerobically) or in the
absence of oxygen (anaerobically)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 general functions of glycolysis

A

Provides ATP

Provides intermediate for other pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What role does glycolysis play in red blood cells

A

Exclusive source of energy because RBC lacks

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What role does glycolysis play in skeletal muscles

A

Source of energy during exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What role does glycolysis play in liver and adipose tissue

A

Triglyceride (source of glycerol phosphate) and fatty acid (source of acetyl-CoA) synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the enzyme that changes glucose into glucose 6 phosphate

A

Hexokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can glucose exit the cell after get converted into g6p

A

No, Cells trap glucose by phosphorylating it,
preventing exit on glucose carriers
Glucose -6-P cannot diffuse through the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the isoenzyme of hexokinase . And which one has a higher affinity for glucose .

A

Glucokinase = Isoenzyme of hexokinase

Hexokinase has a higher affinity for glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what cells do we find glucokinase

A

Liver, beta cells of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 2 pathways glucokinase (isoenzyme of hexokinase)is used in

A

Provides glucose-6-P for glycogen synthesis and
lipogenesis [when glucose is in excess of
requirement for glycolysis]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the enzyme for the rate limiting step of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can occur if there is a deficiency in pfk ?

A

Deficiency of PFK-1 = increases insulin resistance and thus develops Ty p e 2 diabetes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PFK creates what product

A

Fructose 1-6 Bis P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is significant about step 6 of glycolysis

A

This is the only step in Glycolysis in which NAD+ is reduced to NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glycolysis makes ATP via _________ phosphorylation

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is significant about step 7 in glycolysis

A

ATP created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is significant about step 10 of glycolysis

A

ATP generated via substrate level phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What enzyme is involved in step 10 of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many ATPs are invested in glycolysis

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What inhibits hexokinase

A

The product ( Glucose 6 Phosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many NADH and ATP are generated in the payoff phase of glycolysis

A

2 NADH, 4 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose in glycolysis

A

2 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How many NADH are produced in glycolysis
2
26
First site of ATP formation (Reaction 7) may be bypassed in _______
First site of ATP formation (Reaction 7) may be bypassed in RBC
27
Name the enzyme for the bypass route for reaction 7 , under what circumstances does this occur?
Bisphosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes • 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate —> 2,3bisphosphoglycerate This occurs is red blood cells
28
What are the bypass results from reaction 7 of glycolysis
No net yield of AT P from glycolysis 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate binds to hemoglobin Thus decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin to bind oxygen Making oxygen more readily available to tissues
29
What is significant about 2-3 bisphosphoglycerate
It is the product in step 7 of glycolysis that occurs in Red blood cells. This product binds to hemoglobin , so that it cant bind to oxygen. This makes oxygen more readily available in the the tissues
30
How many regulatory steps are there in glycolysis
3
31
What are the 3 enzymes involved in the regulatory steps of glycolysis
1. Hexokinase 2. Phosphofructokinase 3. Pyruvate Kinase
32
Hexonkinase is _______ by glucose 6 phosphate
Inhibited
33
The inhibition of hexokinase is known as _____ inhibition
Product inhibition
34
Phosphofructokinase is the ____ step of glycolysis
Rate limiting
35
List the 2 inducible enzymes for PFK
Inducible enzyme: - Induced in feeding by insulin - Repressed in starvation by glucagon
36
Name 2 types of allosteric regulation that inhibit PFK
Citrate, ATP
37
In terms of allosteric regulation list to enzymes that activate PFK
Fructose 2-6 bisphosphate Bis P, AMP
38
The production of which molecule will be directly affected in someone with type 1 diabetes
Fructose 1-6 BP
39
Would PFK be activated during a MI?
During a myocardial infarction, the oxygen supply to an area of the heart is dramatically reduced. Under these anaerobic conditions, phosphofructokinase would be activated by increased levels of intracellular AMP
40
The fate of pyruvate depends on what
It depends on the redox state of the tissue, ( if o2 is available or not)
41
What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions
Anaerobic condition (e.g. in exercising muscle, RBC) •Formation of lactate by lactate dehydrogenase
42
What is the fate of pyruvate during aerobic conditions
Aerobic condition | •Enters mitochondria •Formation of acetyl coA via citric acid cycle
43
Is lactate formed under aerobic or anaerobic conditions
Anaerobic
44
Is acetal coa formed under aerobic or anaerobic conditions
Aerobic
45
The transformation of pyruvate to lactate is an oxidation or reduction reaction
Reduction
46
What is the name of the enzyme involved in pyruvate going to lactate I
Lacatate Dehydrogenase
47
____ is derived from the vitamin Niacin
NAD+
48
What structure does pyruvate enter
Mitochondria
49
What occurs in the PDC
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate produces acetyl-CoA by | pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex
50
What is the name of the substrate the enters the citric acid cycle
Acetyl coa
51
Are any ATP produced in the conversion of pyruvate to acytal coa
No!
52
What is produced during the conversion of pyruvate to acetal coa
NADH
53
How many enzymes are found in the PDC
It’s a MULTI ENZYME complex, so it has 3
54
List 3 advantages of having a multi enzyme complex
1. Higher rate of reaction 2. Minimum side reaction 3. Coordinated control
55
Is acytal coa an inhibitor or activator of PFK?
Inhibitor !
56
How many molecules of oxygen (O 2) are required to complete the reactions of aerobic respiration beginning with four molecules of glucose?
Glucose = C6H1206 | We have 6 oxygens x 4 molecules = 24
57
Impaired pyruvate metabolism can lead to
Lactic acidosis
58
Lack of pyruvate kinase can lead to
Hemolytic anemia
59
What does high AMP signal
Low energy , need ATP generation
60
High levels of ATP and citrate
Glycolysis inhibited

Meharry Biochem (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions