Blood Flashcards
what 2 things are blood composed of
cells and liquid
what kind of cells are found in blood
rbc (erythorcytes), WBC( Leukocytes), platlets (thombocytes)
the liquid in blood is also known as
plasma
can you donate serum
no
what is the difference between plasma and serum
plasma = blood - cells before clotting serum = blood - cells after clotting
if you put anti coag in a tube with blood will you get blood or plasma
plasma
when clot formation occurs do you have plasma or serum
serum
before clot formation occurs do you have plasma or serum
plasma
the packed cell volume is also known as
hematocrit
hematocrit refers to the %
% of total red blood cells
what are the normal hematocrit values for men and women
men - 38.8-50
women - 34.9 -44.5
if you live in high altitude will you have higher or lower levels of hematocrit
higher levels
why do you have higher levels of hematocrit at high altitude
since there is less 02 in the air , the body compensates by making more RBC’s which in turn elevates hematocrit levels
can you donate serum
no
what is the intrinsic pathway
all clotting factors within the blood vessels
is clotting faster in the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway
extrinsic
what is the extrinsic pathway
initiating factor is outside the blood vessels - tissue factor
how long does the extrinsic pathway take
seconds
what kind of molecule is the tissue factor
protein
tissue damage exposes blood to
tissue factor
coagulation cascade refers to a series of enzymatic reactions that converts
fibrinogen to fibrin
fibrin becomes ____ and forms ____
cross linked , clot
if fibrinogen present in plasma or serum
in plasma
is fibrinogen found in serum
no !
what protein is present only in plasma and not in serum
fibrinogen
what is the major site where the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway converge
xA
is the tissue factor found in the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway
extrinsic
describe the pathway from the Xa
Xa converts prothrombin to thrombin
thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomer
fibrin monomer –> finbrin polymer (clot)
what does fibrinolysis refer to
breakdown of a clot
what is the enzyme that breaks down clots
plasmin
what is the responsible for converting plasmingen to plasmin ?
plasiminogen activators
list the steps of clot break down
plaminogen activator –> plasminogen –> plamin –> lysis of fibrin –> clot breaks
which chemical is is the most effective to remove a blockage of a coronary artery to a blood clot
plasminogen activator because it enhaves fibrinolysis and dissolves the thrombus (fibrin clot) in blood vessel
which vitamin is needed to synthesize clotting factors
vitamin K
if someone has a vitamin k deficiency what can occur
people will bleed easily which could lead to hemorage
what the function of warfarin
it is a blood thinner because it interferes with vitamin k
would ginving someone warfarnin learn to thrombosis or no
no it would prevent it
what 2 things work togetner to form clot .
vitamin k and calcium
would someone with low calcium levels be at risk of thrombosis or hemmoarge
hemorage
what is venus thrombosis
blockage of blood return and associated inflammation causes swelling , pain
if clot is disloged it could travel to the heart
what is arterial thrombosis
clot prevents inflow of blood causing tissue death
is myocardial infarction an example of venous thrombosis or arterial thrombosis
arterial
What is thrombocytopenia
low platelet count ( may cause bleeding )
what is thrombocytosis
high platlet count
is thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis more likely to lead to a thrombosis
thrombocytosis
each hemoglobin molecule has how many heme and how many globin
4 and 4
what 2 proteins make up hemoglobin
heme and globin
what 2 kind of subunits make up globin
2 alpha and 2 beta
each globin contain how many heme and fe
1 heme and 1 fe
describe what makes up heme
iron containing porphyrin
metaloporphyrin
how many nitrogen atoms and iron
4 Nitrogen and 1 IRON
a patient has a blood clot what would you give them
thrombolytic drugs ( plasminogen activators)
what would you give someone to prevent a blood clot
anticoagulants - heparin or warfarin
what are the hemoglobin derivatives
oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carbaminohemoglobin
what is the primary polycythemia
blood cancer, high hematocrit value
what is secondary polycythemia
physiologic condition resulting from deficient 02 supply to the tissues. The body attempts to compensate by making more hemoglobin and erythrocytes. basically ther is high hematocrit level
living at high altitude could lead to what condition”S”
secondary polycythemia AND high hematocrit
give 3 examples of acquired bleeding disorders
liver disease
vitamin K
Disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis
