Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Define metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions in the organism catalyzed by enzymes

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2
Q

Give the specific process of amino acids turning into protein

A

RNA translation

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3
Q

Give an example of catabolic reaction

A

Digestion (food -> energy and smaller molecules)

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4
Q

Describe the process of metabolism

A

Substrate and enzymes produce many intermediate substrates to bind to other enzymes to get the end product

The end product will then inhibit the enzyme as a temporary non-competitive inhibitor but reversible

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5
Q

Define cycle reaction

A

A chemical reaction happening repeatedly (goes back to initial form?)

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6
Q

Differentiate a chain vs cycle reaction (CONT.)

A

Cycle reactions have no end they return to their initial state
- Chain reactions: A sequence where each step is caused/depends on the previous (e.g. domino effect)
- Cycle reactions: A sequence that returns to its original state with no net gain or loss of reactants — regenerative

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7
Q

Define metabolic pathways

A

cycles or chains of catalyzed reactions

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8
Q

Why is the enzyme weakening the bond called a “transition stage”?

A

Transitioning to the next stage (the reaction)

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9
Q

cDescribe the inhibition example of overcoming alcoholism

A

ethanol - oxidation -> acetaldehyde - aldehyde oxidase vs. antabuse -> acetic acid (non toxic)

Antabuse prevents the creation of acetic acids to build up acetaldehyde to bring Inausea* and strong hangover symptoms

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10
Q

Give the example of the ace inhibitor

A

the RAA system causes the tightening of blood vessels via anglotensin -> worsening of condition for hypertension and heart attack prone

the ACE inhibitor stops the enzyme of this process

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11
Q

Describe isoleucine

A

An essential amino acid (aka have to get from diet/external sources)
- acts as a non-competitive inhibitor
- inhibitor to threonic threonine deaminase

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12
Q

How does bioinformatics stop Malaria

A

Target the enzymes that create the malaria in the carrier mosquito

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13
Q

What do you mean by 1:1 substrate to enzyme?

A

made specifically for each other

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14
Q

Describe negative feedback inhibition

A

Basically there’s a negative feeback mechanic
- The body senses there’s too much of an end product
- The end product acts as an inhibitor to enzyme making the product
- When the body needs more of the product, the inhibitor will leave the enzyme to start production again

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