Metabolism

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reactions in the organism catalyzed by enzymes

Question 2

Give the specific process of amino acids turning into protein

Answer 2

RNA translation

Question 3

Give an example of catabolic reaction

Answer 3

Digestion (food -> energy and smaller molecules)

Question 4

Describe the process of metabolism

Answer 4

Substrate and enzymes produce many intermediate substrates to bind to other enzymes to get the end product

The end product will then inhibit the enzyme as a temporary non-competitive inhibitor but reversible

Question 5

Define cycle reaction

Answer 5

A chemical reaction happening repeatedly (goes back to initial form?)

Question 6

Differentiate a chain vs cycle reaction (CONT.)

Answer 6

Cycle reactions have no end they return to their initial state
- Chain reactions: A sequence where each step is caused/depends on the previous (e.g. domino effect)
- Cycle reactions: A sequence that returns to its original state with no net gain or loss of reactants — regenerative

Question 7

Define metabolic pathways

Answer 7

cycles or chains of catalyzed reactions

Question 8

Why is the enzyme weakening the bond called a “transition stage”?

Answer 8

Transitioning to the next stage (the reaction)

Question 9

cDescribe the inhibition example of overcoming alcoholism

Answer 9

ethanol - oxidation -> acetaldehyde - aldehyde oxidase vs. antabuse -> acetic acid (non toxic)

Antabuse prevents the creation of acetic acids to build up acetaldehyde to bring Inausea* and strong hangover symptoms

Question 10

Give the example of the ace inhibitor

Answer 10

the RAA system causes the tightening of blood vessels via anglotensin -> worsening of condition for hypertension and heart attack prone

the ACE inhibitor stops the enzyme of this process

Question 11

Describe isoleucine

Answer 11

An essential amino acid (aka have to get from diet/external sources)
- acts as a non-competitive inhibitor
- inhibitor to threonic threonine deaminase

Question 12

How does bioinformatics stop Malaria

Answer 12

Target the enzymes that create the malaria in the carrier mosquito

Question 13

What do you mean by 1:1 substrate to enzyme?

Answer 13

made specifically for each other

Question 14

Describe negative feedback inhibition

Answer 14

Basically there’s a negative feeback mechanic
- The body senses there’s too much of an end product
- The end product acts as an inhibitor to enzyme making the product
- When the body needs more of the product, the inhibitor will leave the enzyme to start production again