B3.2 Transport Flashcards
List the three parts of the cardiovascular system
heart, blood, vessels
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
- deliver nutrients and Ox. in body
- Out: waste (CO2)
Function of blood
- trasnpo. ox. and nutrients
- to other parts of body
give two types of circulation
- (1) systemic
- (2) pulmonary
pulmonary -> lungs -> FR: poumon
Outline systemic circulation
- heart -b-> large arteries [^ O, v CO2]
- Large arteries -b-> arterioles
- arterioles -b-> capillaries
- capillaries -b-> cells (cell resp.) [v O, ^ CO2]
- capillaries -b-> *venules -b-> veins -b-> heart
then to pul. circ.
- oxygen out of bloodsteam, used up by cells
- then the blood otw to reoxy. (venul. vein)
outline pulmonary circulation
- heart -b-> large artery
- large artery -b-> arterioles
- arterioles -b-> capillaries [lungs, ^ O v CO2]
- capillaries -b-> venules
- venules -b-> veins
- veins -b-> heart
then back to sys circ.
- @ venules smaller -> bigger
- back 2 heart (p&s): small -> big
Outline the different structures of the arteries
1.) endothelium layer
- reduce friction -> ^ bloodflow
- slippery
2.) muscle (thick)
- contract via ANS
- strong -> resist bp from heart pump
3.) Elastic layers
- stretchable, back2norm.
- w/ muscle: to have continuous blood flow
4.) Lumen
- small
- ^ prevents backflow
How is continuous blood flow maintained in the arteries
- Elastic layers **stretch out and stretch in **
- stretch out: the blood, bc of volume, pushes against the walls of arteru
- stretch in: as the blood travels through the artery, the layer stretch back in and forces the blood forward
Outline the function and structure of the capillaries
-
site of nutrient xchange.
- good in, bad out [O2, CO2] - very small and permeable
-
fenestrated (permeable +++)
- Due to amount of pores
- at the intestine and the kidney -
very branched
- capill. everywhere
- reach all cells -
endothelium
- reduces friction -
lumen
- very small, slow bflow speed
- slow bflow -> nutrient exchange
Outline the structure and the function of veins
- carry blood away from cap into heart
1. Endothelium - reduces friction
2. thin muscle - contract (weak)
- ^ bc low bp from heart — heart doesn’t pump out
3. Less elastic layers - stretch
- recoil
4. Valves - prevent backflow
5. Lumen - bigger capacity
How do valves prevent backflow
- “one way doors”
- valves only open in one direction.
- if bflow in direction, the valves open -> blood travels thru vein
- valves close when blood flowing from opp. direction
Explain how calf muscles are used as pumps
- compress the veins
- forces blood back up to the heart
valves stop; calfs force blood move another way ??
Define pulse rate
- amt of heart beats per minute
Why do athletes have low pulse rate
- do not need much nutrients or oxygen
- body learned to how to manage via exercise
Gve the two ways of examining the pulse rate
- radial artery (wrist)
- carotid artery (neck)
How to measure PS via radial artery
- feel on thumbside of wrist, palm facing up
- 2 cm from thumb’s base
How to measure using carotid artery
- V! big
- on neck
How to measure pulse rate using carotid artery
- Feel pulse
- Set 60 sec timer
- Count no. of pulses during
OR - Feel pulse
- set 30 second timer
- multiply no. of pulses x 2
What does pulse rate indicate
- blood transpo -> life
What would a lack of pulse rate indicate
- death
- the cells in the body die without oxygen or the nutrients being transported in the body.
Describe coronary arteries
- pumps blood away and back to heart
- helps the heart survive
- supplies Ox./nutrients to cardiac cells
- round with blood
- can have plaque problems
Describe plaques
- fatty deposits
- found in coronary arteries
- cause: genr. diet and smoking
- effect: heart attack <- preventing blood flow [heart die]
