B3.2 Transport Flashcards

1
Q

List the three parts of the cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood, vessels

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2
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

A
  • deliver nutrients and Ox. in body
  • Out: waste (CO2)
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3
Q

Function of blood

A
  • trasnpo. ox. and nutrients
  • to other parts of body
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4
Q

give two types of circulation

A
  • (1) systemic
  • (2) pulmonary

pulmonary -> lungs -> FR: poumon

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5
Q

Outline systemic circulation

A
  • heart -b-> large arteries [^ O, v CO2]
  • Large arteries -b-> arterioles
  • arterioles -b-> capillaries
  • capillaries -b-> cells (cell resp.) [v O, ^ CO2]
  • capillaries -b-> *venules -b-> veins -b-> heart

then to pul. circ.

  • oxygen out of bloodsteam, used up by cells
  • then the blood otw to reoxy. (venul. vein)
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6
Q

outline pulmonary circulation

A
  • heart -b-> large artery
  • large artery -b-> arterioles
  • arterioles -b-> capillaries [lungs, ^ O v CO2]
  • capillaries -b-> venules
  • venules -b-> veins
  • veins -b-> heart

then back to sys circ.

  • @ venules smaller -> bigger
  • back 2 heart (p&s): small -> big
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7
Q

Outline the different structures of the arteries

A

1.) endothelium layer
- reduce friction -> ^ bloodflow
- slippery
2.) muscle (thick)
- contract via ANS
- strong -> resist bp from heart pump
3.) Elastic layers
- stretchable, back2norm.
- w/ muscle: to have continuous blood flow
4.) Lumen
- small
- ^ prevents backflow

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8
Q

How is continuous blood flow maintained in the arteries

A
  • Elastic layers **stretch out and stretch in **
  • stretch out: the blood, bc of volume, pushes against the walls of arteru
  • stretch in: as the blood travels through the artery, the layer stretch back in and forces the blood forward
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Outline the function and structure of the capillaries

A
  1. site of nutrient xchange.
    - good in, bad out [O2, CO2]
  2. very small and permeable
  3. fenestrated (permeable +++)
    - Due to amount of pores
    - at the intestine and the kidney
  4. very branched
    - capill. everywhere
    - reach all cells
  5. endothelium
    - reduces friction
  6. lumen
    - very small, slow bflow speed
    - slow bflow -> nutrient exchange
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11
Q

Outline the structure and the function of veins

A
  • carry blood away from cap into heart
    1. Endothelium
  • reduces friction
    2. thin muscle
  • contract (weak)
  • ^ bc low bp from heart — heart doesn’t pump out
    3. Less elastic layers
  • stretch
  • recoil
    4. Valves
  • prevent backflow
    5. Lumen
  • bigger capacity
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12
Q

How do valves prevent backflow

A
  • “one way doors”
  • valves only open in one direction.
  • if bflow in direction, the valves open -> blood travels thru vein
  • valves close when blood flowing from opp. direction
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Explain how calf muscles are used as pumps

A
  • compress the veins
  • forces blood back up to the heart

valves stop; calfs force blood move another way ??

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15
Q

Define pulse rate

A
  • amt of heart beats per minute
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16
Q

Why do athletes have low pulse rate

A
  • do not need much nutrients or oxygen
  • body learned to how to manage via exercise
17
Q

Gve the two ways of examining the pulse rate

A
  • radial artery (wrist)
  • carotid artery (neck)
18
Q

How to measure PS via radial artery

A
  • feel on thumbside of wrist, palm facing up
  • 2 cm from thumb’s base
19
Q

How to measure using carotid artery

A
  • V! big
  • on neck
20
Q

How to measure pulse rate using carotid artery

A
  1. Feel pulse
  2. Set 60 sec timer
  3. Count no. of pulses during
    OR
  4. Feel pulse
  5. set 30 second timer
  6. multiply no. of pulses x 2
21
Q

What does pulse rate indicate

A
  • blood transpo -> life
22
Q

What would a lack of pulse rate indicate

A
  • death
  • the cells in the body die without oxygen or the nutrients being transported in the body.
23
Q

Describe coronary arteries

A
  • pumps blood away and back to heart
  • helps the heart survive
  • supplies Ox./nutrients to cardiac cells
  • round with blood
  • can have plaque problems
24
Q

Describe plaques

A
  • fatty deposits
  • found in coronary arteries
  • cause: genr. diet and smoking
  • effect: heart attack <- preventing blood flow [heart die]
25
Q

Give the other name of heart attack

A

Coronary heart disease

26
Q

Correlations with coronary heart disease

A
  1. Sex
  2. Age
  3. Family
  4. Diseases
  5. Diet

BUT MULTIFACTORIAL.

27
Q

Structure and function of roots

A

1.) xylem
- moves water, “pipe”/ tissue
- moves stem -> leaves
2.) phloem
- moves food stem -> leaves
- pipe/tissue
3.) epidermis
- little “hairs”/”hands” to absorb water
- where water’s being absorbed
- outter most layer
4.) cortex
- structure

28
Q

Structure of the stem

A

(add photo here)