(BIO TEXTBOOK EXCLUSIVE/BTE) C1.1 Enzymes and catabolism + Cell Resp SL Flashcards
DEFINE CATALYSTS
Speed up chemical reactions / increase the rate of chemical reaction
- goo SPEEEEDDD
Why is there no 1:1 ratio of reactants/substrates to catalysts/enzymes?
Because catalysts can be reused
What is the general equation for an enzyme-catalysed reaction?
Substrates - enzyme -> products
Why are enzymes important:
All life processes would be slow at ambient/mormal temps
Define metabolic pathway
One molecule transformed into another by steps
Outline the importance of enzymes in metabolism
- almost all reactions catalyzed by enzymes
- all bodily processes too slow in ambient temp
Why is the lock and key model flawed?
The size and bond of the enzyme and substrate change due to chemical reaction
- so the active site shape must change along w/ the enzyme’s shape
because if the substrate shapes change in shape -> whatever is attached to it should also change in shape
“Outline” the induced fit model [4]
1.) random collisions
2.) binding, substrate shape and active site shape altered
3.) if another substrate joins, the active site changes shape
4.) products detach, active site to resume original shape
Why is ATP stable at neutral pH levels?
The pH level of the cytoplasm
Give the chemical equation of ATP in hydrolysis and condensation
Outline the life processes within cells that ATP supplies with energy.
1.) Synthesizing macromolecules
- e.g. the central dogma
2.) Active transport
- pumps, voltage gate
3.) Movement
- locomotion for example, or organelle mvmt
Where does the energy to convert ADP -> ATP come from?
via oxidation
- cell respiration (biomolecules except nucleic acid)
- photosynthesis ( light -> chem energy)
- chemosynthesis (oxidizing inorganic substances -> energy released)
Explain the relationship of gas exchange and cell respiration
- w/o gas exchange: cell respiration could not continue because there would soon be a lack of oxygen + HARMFUL excess of carbon dioxide
Give the word equations for the different types of respiration
compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration
