D1.3: Gene Mutation Flashcards
Post-transcription
Mythlene cap + poly-A tail
Define proteosomes
Total protein material used in cell
- Recycles unused amino acid
Post-translation
what happens to polypeptides after translation
Describe the characteristics of the genetic code
- 64 codons
- universal
- 20 a.a.
Why do some mutations not result to structural changes?
Because of silent mutations
Give the two types of mutations
Base substitution and frameshift mutation
Define base substitution
aka point mutations
- substitution of 1 nitro base
Define gene mutation
permanent change in gene seq of DNA
Outline the three types of base substitution
- silent mutation: no noticeable effect on protein
- missense: maybe 1 change in aa
- nonsense mutation: change to early stop codon
Outline the two types of missense
- conservative - results in a functional protein
- non-conservative - now not functional
Define allele
versions of a gene (e.g. blue and brown eye color)
Define frameshift mutation
- occurs whentheres an insertion or deletion of a base
- affects how the genetic sequence is read
Which type of cell passes on mutations?
Gametes
How many mutations are there per generation
~100-200
Cause of sickle cell anemia
base substitution to the 6th codon for the beta chain of hemoglobin
-> for memory: CTC (velinxi) -> CAC (that one bruno mars dragon meme — jump in the cac)