Cell respiration (SL) Flashcards
Properties of ATP
- chemically stable at neutral pH levels typical of cells to avoid break down -> premature energy release
- soluble in water -> ATP can reach any part of the cell from the cytoplasm
- unable to diffuse through phospholipid bilayers membranes ->** avoids leakage of ATP out of cells**
- ATP can release energy enough for many tasks
- ATP can be regenerated by adding another phosphate atom to ADP
Give four examples of processes supplied with energy by the ATP
- **active transport **across membranes
- synthesis of macromolecules (anabolism)
- movement of cell components such as chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
- movement of the whole cell (cell motility)
How to get ADP from ATP and vice versa?
- to get ATP: condensation with ADP + phosphate + energy
- to get ADP: hydrolysis — ATP + H2O
Define respiration
- part of metabolism process which carbon compounds are oxidized to release energy
- happens in every living cell
What are the principal substrates used in respiration
- glucose and fatty acids
- but can include amino acids
What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic cell respiration
Oxygen used?
- Aerobic: yes
- Anaerobic: no
What substrates can be used
- aerobic: sugars or lipids
- anaerobic: glucose and other sugars
How much** ATP is produced per glucose?**
- aerobic: 30 - 32 (a large yield)
- anaerobic: 2 (a small yield)
What are the waste products
- aerobic; carbon dioxide + H2O
- anaerobic: lactate (lactic acid)
In humans, where do the reactions occur?
- aerobic: cytoplasm + mitochondria
- anaerobic: cytoplasm only
What is the word and chemical equation of aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
- aka: glucose + (6) oxygen atoms -> 6 carbon dioxide atoms + 6 water atoms + energy
What measures the rate of cell respiration
(add and how from the study guide)
- respirometer
