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CPT (NFPT) > Metabolic Pathwaysvand Energy Production > Flashcards

Metabolic Pathwaysvand Energy Production Flashcards

1
Q

what does a quote “UNN” test stand for?

A

urinary urea nitrogen test

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2
Q

what does a UUN test measure?

A

It measures the amount of nitrogen in the urine and is related to finding how much protein is required by an individual

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3
Q

what percentage of protein is in nitrogen?

A

16%

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4
Q

name two potential consequences of high protein intake

A

1) may cause problems if you already have existing liver or kidney disorder.
2) toxins are released when the extra protein must be broken down by the kidneys for energy

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5
Q

when you are excreting more nitrogen than you are ingesting you are what?

A

decreasing lean tissue

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6
Q

what is the only form of energy manufactured by the mitochondria that muscles can use?

A

ATP

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7
Q

what is the difference between ATP and ADP?

A

ATP has three phosphate groups and ADP has only two phosphate groups. ADP has less energy and is usually regenerated into ATP

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8
Q

anaerobic glycolysis is the process by which energy is being produced during long sustainable aerobic events. true or false?

A

false is the process of taking energy from stored carbohydrates and transforming them into ATP for periods ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes. lactic acid will build up

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9
Q

The chief carbohydrate storage form of glucose is ______.

A

muscle glycogen

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10
Q

How many seconds of ATP are stored in the muscle for use?

A

4 sec

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11
Q

what happens when the first 4 seconds worth of ATP stored in the muscles are used up?

A

Creatine phosphate and ADP are used to create more ATP– providing more energy for about 25 to 30 seconds

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12
Q

when energy is needed for longer than 30 to 35 seconds, how is ATP produced?

A

stored muscle glycogen is broken down into pyruvate and lactic acid

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13
Q

during muscle contraction the cell membrane is _______.

A

impermeable, nothing can get in or out of the cells

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14
Q

if oxygen (and also nothing else) cannot get into the working muscles while being contracted, how is ATP produced?

A

anaerobic glycolysis

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15
Q

what do the muscles use for ATP when contracted?

A

stored intracellular energy

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16
Q

what is it called during slightly longer periods where oxygen acquired from the blood? assist pyruvate and lactic acid in creating ATP

A

metabolic oxidation

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17
Q

what is the rest pause technique for resistance training? why is this done?

A

do a set of reps then put the weight down for about 10 to 15 seconds to allow the muscles to get oxygen. then do another set for a few more reps and repeat. continue until you get 12 to 15 total reps

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18
Q

when doing rest, pause or relaxation pauses ATP is produced from pyruvate through metabolic oxidation. when does this process happen until?

A

It happens until the heart and lungs catch up so they can then keep up with the demand of oxygen.

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19
Q

The lungs compensate until the _____ can catch up during aerobic activity

A

heart and blood vessels

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20
Q

once enough oxygen is being supplied for aerobic activity, where is the majority of ATP coming from?

A

anaerobic mix of oxygen, glucose, and fatty acids

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21
Q

what is it called when oxygen, glucose and fatty acids are used for producing ATP?

A

aerobic metabolism

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22
Q

aerobic metabolism is also called _____

A

cell respiration

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23
Q

what is pyruvate?

A

The converted form of intracellular glucose used with oxygen for producing ATP energy.

24
Q

what is the final product of glycolysis?

A

pyruvate

25
Q

Fat metabolism is strictly anaerobic or aerobic metabolism?

A

aerobic metabolism

26
Q

glucose hydrolysis is strictly anaerobic or aerobic metabolism?

A

anaerobic metabolism

27
Q

what does pyruvic acid do when oxygen is lacking?

A

produces lactic acid in anaerobic metabolism

28
Q

what does pyruvic acid do during aerobic metabolism?

A

It supplies energieys to cells because oxygen is present

29
Q

pyruvate can be converted to fatty acids through _______

A

acetyl CoA

30
Q

makes up all the processes that are involved in the metabolic chain of chemical reactions to generate energy in all aerobic organisms

A

citric acid cycle

31
Q

energy production function of the cell can only occur after acetyl COA is generated from glycolysis, occurring in the mitochondria

A

citric acid cycle

32
Q

what is the term used to describe chemical compounds generated during energy production are oxidized

A

electron transport chain

33
Q

what is a metabolic pathway where energy that is released by the oxidation of chemical compounds are used to form ATP?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

34
Q

this describes energy produced as a result of chemical reactions in the metabolic chain

A

ATP

35
Q

How are fatty acids converted into acetyl CoA?

A

beta oxidization

36
Q

How are carbohydrates converted into acetyl CoA?

A

glycolysis

37
Q

Stored fat, triglyceride, is first broken down through what process?

A

lipolysis

38
Q

mobilization of catabolism can occur as the result of what three means?

A

intramuscular factors, sympathetic nervous system activation, hormone activation of enzymes

39
Q

what is the stress hormone released from the interior pituitary that raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids and stimulates cell reproduction?

A

growth hormone

40
Q

what are the primary two hormones and normal metabolism?

A

insulin and glucagon

41
Q

what is the main catabolic hormone that when secreted will inhibit anabolic processes?

A

glucagon

42
Q

Insulin promotes (anabolism/catabolism)?

A

anabolism

43
Q

what are three ways the body delivers glucose, or pyruvate, to the muscle site?

A

1) breakdown of glycogen to glucose
2) Protein breakdown in gluconeogenesis
3) delivery of blood glucose to muscle site

44
Q

As exercise intensity increases the amount of fat being used for energy also increases. true or false

A

false, The amount of fat being used for energy DECREASES

45
Q

The optimum duration for the body is about ___ minutes at ____ intensity

A

90 min at 60%

46
Q

Fat loss for the beginner client should use ______ intensity in _____ duration

A

low intensity and long duration

47
Q

what formula would you use to monitor exercise heart rate at a certain level of intensity?

A

Karvonen formula
restingHR + (intensity level x (maxHR - restingHR)) = exercise heart rate

48
Q

what is VO2 max?

A

The maximum amount of oxygen that the body can use during exercise

49
Q

should you perform a VO2 max assessment on a beginner client?

A

no use the 3-minute step test

50
Q

what is the equation for VO2 max for a male?

A

108.844 - (kg weight x .1636) - (1mile time in minutes x 1.438) - (HR end of mile x .1928)

51
Q

what is the equation for VO2 max of a female?

A

100.5 - (kg weight x .1636) - (1mile time in minutes x 1.438) - (HR end of mile x .1928)

52
Q

How do you find resting heart rate?

A

check pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by four

53
Q

what is the formula to find Max heart rate?

A

208 - (.7 x age) = Max heart rate

54
Q

As someone gets into better aerobic condition the following changes occur which promote fat utilization….

A

increase in muscle energy stores, mitochondrial numbers increase, capillaries per muscle fiber and number of muscle fibers all increase.

55
Q

As someone gets into better aerobic condition, the intramuscular triacylglycerol content is enhanced in _______ muscle fibers and (increased/decreased) hormonal response takes place

A

red, slow twitch; decreased

56
Q

The hormonal response that takes place as someone’s Arabic condition improves will cause a decrease in the amount of glycogen and the amount of blood glucose being used for energy. This is called what?

A

glycogen sparing effect

CPT (NFPT) (21 decks)

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