MET2 Drugs Flashcards

Question

Which of the following are H2 antagonists to stop acid secretion [2] Metronidazole Omeprazole Ranitidine Cimetidine

Answer 1

Which of the following are H2 antagonists to stop acid secretion [2] Metronidazole Omeprazole **Ranitidine** **Cimetidine**

Answer 2

Which of the following DMT2 treatment promotes triglyceride storage in adipose * Biguanides * Sulfonylureas **Thiazolidinediones (TZD)** * GLP1R agonists * SGLT2 Inhibitors

Answer 3

Which of the following has a potential risk of hypoglycaemia * Biguanides * **Sulfonylureas** and **prandial glucose regulators** * Thiazolidinediones (TZD) * GLP1R agonists * SGLT2 Inhibitors

Answer 4

Which of the following enhances insulin secretion * Biguanides * **Sulfonylureas** * Thiazolidinediones (TZD) * GLP1R agonists * SGLT2 Inhibitors

Answer 5

Which of the following enhances insulin sensitivity [2] * **Biguanides** (i.e. metformin) * Sulfonylureas * **Thiazolidinediones** (TZD) * GLP1R agonists * SGLT2 Inhibitors

Answer 6

Which of the following has risk of weight gain? * Biguanides * Sulfonylureas * **Thiazolidinediones** (TZD) * GLP1R agonists * SGLT2 Inhibitors

Answer 7

Dexamethasone [1]

Answer 8

Calcineurin inhibitors: * Calcineurin is an enzyme that activates T-cells of the immune system. * E.g. **Cyclosporin and tacrolimus** (learn !) Anti-proliferative drugs: * (target nucleus at end stage of T cell activation) * e.g. Azathioprine and Mycophenolic acid Prevent cytokine (IL-2) gene activation * Use cortiosteroids * e.g. Prednisolone Standard treatment: Calcineurin inhib, steroid and anti-proliferative drugs

Answer 9

**Acutely**: give Ca2+ **Chronically**: Give activated vit D: increased gut absorb

Answer 10

Which of the following drug treatments for diabetes utilise the followng mechanism of actions? *Inhibits liver gluconeogenesis and enahnaces insulin sensitivity* * Sulfonylureas - e.g. gliclazide, glibenclamide and tolbutamide * **Metformin** * SGLT2 Inhibitors * Thiazolidinediones e.g Pioglitazone or Rosiglitazone

Answer 11

Which of the following drug treatments for diabetes utilise the followng mechanism of actions? * **Sulfonylureas - e.g. gliclazide, glibenclamide and tolbutamide** * Metformin * SGLT2 Inhibitors * Thiazolidinediones e.g Pioglitazone or Rosiglitazone *Bind and close K+ channel in beta cells to* *depolarise the cell and release insulin*

Answer 12

Which of the following drug treatments for diabetes utilise the followng mechanism of actions? *Activate PPARγ to reduce insulin insensitivity and better glucose use via gene expression changes* * Sulfonylureas - e.g. gliclazide, glibenclamide and tolbutamide * Metformin * SGLT2 Inhibitors *** Thiazolidinediones e.g Pioglitazone or Rosiglitazone**

Answer 13

Which of the following drug treatments for diabetes causes weight loss? * Sulfonylureas - e.g. gliclazide, glibenclamide and tolbutamide * Metformin * **SGLT2 Inhibitors**: excreting glucose * Thiazolidinediones e.g Pioglitazone or Rosiglitazone

Answer 14

Which of the following drug treatments for diabetes causes weight gain? [2] * **Sulfonylureas** - e.g. gliclazide, glibenclamide and tolbutamide * Metformin * SGLT2 Inhibitors * **Thiazolidinediones** e.g Pioglitazone or Rosiglitazone

Answer 15

Which of the following has similar action to prandial glucose regulators? * **Sulfonylureas** - e.g. gliclazide, glibenclamide and tolbutamide * Metformin * SGLT2 Inhibitors * Thiazolidinediones e.g Pioglitazone or Rosiglitazone

Answer 16

**Insulin - short acting and long acting.** - Pumps - Injections - pens - Short / Fast acting: **Humalog** - Long acting: **Glargine** **Islet transplantation** - Only patients matching a strict list of criteria, including being at risk of frequent and secere hypos/hypers. Possible future treatment: immunotherapy **SGLT Inhibitors:.** * Prevent co-reabsorption of glucose in the PCT with Na. * Encourages glycosuria -> wee out the excess glucose. Lowers blood glucose levels. Restores GFR in diabetics

Answer 17

Diagnosis of hypothyroidism: * Low levels of TSH and low T4 in blood - biochemistry tests Treatment: * **Levothyroxine** - only treatment used In UK

Answer 18

**Carbimazole** is the first line anti-thyroid drug **Propylthiouracil** is the second line anti-thyroid drug.

Answer 19

**Open the occluded artery** as soon as possible to restore blood flow to the heart (Time is Muscle) (angioplasty) at heart attack centre. **less than120 mins is aim** If can’t open artery via stent aim to **thromboylse** (but want to avoid because have high risk of bleeding). Reperfusion therapy: - **Aspirin + ticagrelor or pragural (dual antiplatelets)** - **Heparin** - **PCI**

Answer 20

A · Treatment: o **Aspirin + ticagrelor** o +/- GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (prevent platelet aggregation by blocking glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on their platelet’s) o Fondaparinux - factor Xa inhibitor o Anti-ischemic drugs - BB/nitrates o Angiography, followed by +/- PCI within 24-96 hrs. · Idea is to thin blood to fit through the semi-occluded gap - then use angiography within 24 hours of presentation to resolve the partial occlusion. **BATMAN** B – Beta-blockers unless contraindicated A – Aspirin 300mg stat dose T – Ticagrelor 180mg stat dose (clopidogrel 300mg is an alternative if higher bleeding risk) M – Morphine titrated to control pain A – Anticoagulant: Fondaparinux (unless high bleeding risk) N – Nitrates (e.g. GTN) to relieve coronary artery spasm Give oxygen only if their oxygen saturations are dropping (i.e. <95%).

Answer 21

Sedation Acidosis

Answer 22

Antihypertensive: reduces plasma volume and peripheral resistance

Answer 23

**Epithelial Na Channel antagonists** * Amiloride * Triamterene **Aldosterone antagonists:** * Spironolactone * Eplerenone

Answer 24

A Most potent diuretic Also for: * HTN * Heart failure * Volume overload from CKD

Answer 25

Hyperkalaemia Hyperkalaemia –> can lead to cardiac arrythmias and death Hyperkalaemia Gynecomastia (not eplerenone) Hyponatraemia (Cirrhosis)

Answer 26

**Heart failure** **Hypokalaemia** (from other diuretics) Co-amilofruse Co-amilozide Cirrhosis

Answer 27

Any osmotically active molecule that is freely filtered in the glomerulus, and is not reabsorbed by the tubules, **stopping water reabsorption** Most important clinical osmotic diuretic: **Mannitol**

Answer 28

A Glycosuria: weight loss, reduction in blood glucose, HbA1c reduced Uric acid reduced Natuiresis: fall in BP Reduced hyperinfiltration: reduced albuininuria Reversible reduction in GFR

Answer 29

**Treatment**: Resuscitation **Terlipressin** (inhibits portal hypertension with simultaneous reduction of blood circulation in portal vessels) and Antibiotics Banding or injection sclerotherapy TIPSS **Primary + secondary prophylaxis beta blockers** Propranolol / Carvedilol Banding

Answer 30

Rifaximin: reduces the production of NH3 in the gut L-Ornithine L-arginine: stops the conversion of glutamate to glutamine

Answer 31

A 76-year-old patient, Eleri, is being investigated by her GP for episodes of dizziness when standing up which is disrupting her daily routine. Eleri is otherwise fit and well and takes no regular medications. Eleri's GP diagnoses her with orthostatic hypotension and recommends treatment with fludrocortisone. What side effect is Eleri most likely to experience? Depression **Fluid retention** Hyperglycaemia Osteoporosis Peptic ulceration Fludrocortisone is a steroid with minimal glucocorticoid activity and high mineralocorticoid activity. Therefore, **fluid retention** is the correct answer as this is the side effect listed that is most associated with **mineralocorticoid activity** **Depression, hyperglycaemia, osteoporosis and peptic ulceration** are all side effects associated with **glucocorticoid activity**.

Answer 32

A 63-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes is being reviewed by her general practitioner. She is currently taking metformin 1g twice daily. She also takes lisinopril for hypertension. Her latest HbA1c is as follows: HbA1c 58 mmol/L (more than 42) After further discussion, she has agreed to add a second anti-diabetic drug to her treatment regimen. She has been advised that side-effects can include weight gain, hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal upset. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) **Binding to KATP channels on pancreatic beta cell membrane** Activation of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor Inhibition of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) **Sulphonylureas exert their effect by binding to KATP channels on the pancreatic beta-cell membrane to stimulate endogenous insulin secretion. This explains the commonly reported side-effects of weight gain (as insulin is an anabolic hormone) and hypoglycaemia.**

Answer 33

A 66-year-old lady with a long history of poorly controlled type-2 diabetes is started on a new medication. She is told it works by increasing urinary glucose excretion and the doctor says it is an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Which of the following medications is in this drug class? Tolbutamide **Dapagliflozin** Exenatide Linagliptin Pioglitazone **Gliflozins - SGLT2 inhibitors**

Answer 34

A 42-year-old woman presents with progressively worsening weight loss, anxiety, heat intolerance, and dry skin and eyes. Hyperthyroidism is confirmed on thyroid-function tests and the patient is commenced on carbimazole. A set dose is initially started with a plan to titrate up the drug until the patient becomes euthyroid. Further thyroid hormone testing is scheduled in 4 to 6 weeks. What is the mechanism of action of this medication? Blocks thyroxine-binding globulin Enhances thyroid peroxidase Inhibiting 5'-deiodinase **Prevents iodination of the tyrosine residue on thyroglobulin** Prevents thyroxine (T4) conversion to triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 35

A 67-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been taking metformin 1g twice daily for the past 6 months. Despite this, his HbA1c has remained above target at 64 mmol/mol (8.0%). He has a history of left ventricular failure following a myocardial infarction 3 years ago. He has been trying to lose weight since but still has a body mass index of 33 kg/m². He is also prone to recurrent urinary tract infections. You plan on intensifying treatment by adding on a second medication. What is the mechanism of action of the anti-diabetic drug that is most appropriate for him? Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptors to increase insulin sensitivity Binding to KATP channels on pancreatic beta cells to stimulate insulin release Inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase to reduce glucose absorption Inhibition of renal sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) to increase glucose excretion **Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to increase incretin levels** DPP-4 inhibitors increase levels of incretins such as GLP-1 and GIP Given its weight-neutral effects, it is the most appropriate add-on therapy in this man who is already obese.

Answer 36

A 52-year-old man presents to the surgery for diabetic review. His HBA1c is 68mmol/mol despite taking the maximum dose of metformin and gliclazide. You discuss his control with the diabetic nurse in the practice and you decide to start a new medication, dapagliflozin. What is the principal side effect of this new medication? Diarrhoea Heart failure Pancreatitis **Urinary tract infections** Weight gain Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections

Answer 37

A 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus is reviewed by her diabetic nurse. It is noted that her glycaemic control is still poor, despite taking metformin for the last 6 months. It is decided to intensify management, by combining sitagliptin (a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor) with her existing metformin. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the new drug? Increases cell sensitivity to insulin Inhibition of sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) **Increased levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)** Increases adipogenesis Increase intracellular calcium to increase insulin release

Answer 38

Mrs Rose is a 52-year-old woman who attends your GP clinic for her annual review of her type 2 diabetes. She tells you that it has been controlled by diet for a number of years, however recently, she has put on some weight. Her most recent HbA1C measurement is 9.8% (normal range 3.7-5.0%). You advise ongoing diet advice as well as prescribing metformin to control her blood glucose concentration. Which of the following statements regarding metformin is correct? It can cause weight gain It stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells It can cause significant hypoglycaemia **It decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis** It suppresses ghrelin secretion

Answer 39

A 62-year-old man presents for review of his type 2 diabetes. He has been found to have HbA1c levels of 62mmol/mol despite metformin therapy. You decide to commence him on **sitagliptin** for dual hypoglycaemic therapy. What is the mechanism of this drug? **Decreases GLP-1 breakdown** Decreases levels of GIP incretins Increases GLP-1 production Increases insulin secretion from the pancreas Mimics GLP-1 DPP-4 inhibitors increase levels of incretins such as GLP-1 and GIP

Answer 40

A 38-year-old, with a raised BMI and confirmed type II diabetes is seen in the clinic for a review of his glucose control. Despite already being initiated on treatment several months previously his home blood glucose readings and latest Hb1Ac remain high. It is decided that the patient is to be commenced on a gliclazide. The patient is warned that this new medication may induce hypoglycaemia as an adverse effect due to an increase in the production and release of insulin. What pancreatic cell membrane channels does this new medication bind to? **ATP-dependent potassium** Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP) Ligand-gated chloride Tyrosine kinase Voltage-gated calcium

Answer 41

A 54-year-old patient presents to his general practitioner for a review of his diabetes treatment. He takes metformin. He is worried about adding additional medications that might cause hypoglycaemia. He has a past medical history of bladder cancer, which was surgically treated. The examination is unremarkable other than an elevated body mass index (32 kg/m²). Recent blood test results: HbA1c 61 mmol/L (more than 48) His GP would like to commence him on a medication that does not cause weight gain or hypoglycaemia. What is the likely mechanism of action of this drug? Agonist of PPAR-gamma receptor Binding of ATP-dependent K+(KATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells Exogenous insulin Inhibition of intestinal alpha glucosidases **Reduction of the peripheral breakdown of incretins such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)**

Answer 42

A 56-years-old man with a past medical history of type II diabetes mellitus returns to his GP for a follow up. He denies polyuria and polydipsia. Repeat blood tests at clinic showed: HbA1c 67 mmol/mol Random plasma glucose 15.6 mg/l He currently only takes metformin and his GP decides to add in gliclazide to his regular medication. What is the mechanism of action of gliclazide? Inhibits dipeptidyl peptides-4 **Stimulates sulphonylurea-1 receptors** Inhibits alpha-glucosidase enzymes Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter 2

Answer 43

A 22-year-old woman attends her GP surgery as she is finding it exceedingly difficult to lose weight. She currently has a body mass index (BMI) approaching 40 kg/m², and it is severely affecting her mental and physical health. A strict diet and exercise regime has not made a significant difference. The GP decides to prescribe her an anti-obesity agent, orlistat. How does the prescribed medication promote weight loss? Increases metabolism through mitochondrial uncoupling **Reduces fat digestion by inhibiting lipase** Promotes glucose uptake through increased insulin secretion Suppresses appetite through reduced uptake of serotonin Improves satiety by reducing gastric emptying

Answer 44

A 55-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus has his yearly health check-up at his GP surgery. His HbA1c is 86mmol/L and his GP is considering adding empagliflozin to help manage his diabetes. HbA1c (mmol/L) Interpretation <42 Normal Glycaemic Control 42-47 Impaired Glucose Tolerance >48 Diabetes Mellitus 86 Patient's Result What is the mechanism of action of this medication? Blocks potassium channels on β islet cells in the pancreas **Inhibition of the sodium-glucose transporter in the kidney** Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Inhibition of α glucosidase in the small intestine Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

Answer 45

A 56-year-old man presents for review in the diabetes clinic. His medical background includes type 2 diabetes, for which he is currently prescribed metformin and sitagliptin, and hypertension, for which he takes ramipril. On his most recent blood tests, his HbA1c has risen from 51mmol/L to 59mmol/L. He has had no issues with hypoglycaemic events and reports good compliance with both blood glucose monitoring and his prescribed medication. He is keen to try an additional antidiabetic medication, and, after counselling on hypoglycaemic awareness, is started on tolbutamide. Which of the following most accurately describes the mechanism of action of this new medication? Increases insulin release by mimicking the binding of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to its receptor Inhibits the enzyme dipeptyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), preventing the degradation of incretins such as GLP-1 Reduces renal glucose reabsorption via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) Stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), reducing insulin resistance **Binds to and shuts pancreatic beta cell ATP-dependent K+ channels, causing membrane depolarisation and increased insulin exocytosis**

Answer 46

A 45-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus, currently taking metformin, comes in for his diabetic review. His glycaemic control is deemed to be not under control and gliclazide is added to his treatment regimen. The doctor is advising the patient about the side effects of sulfonylureas. Which of the following is a side effect of sulfonylureas? Flatulence Fluid retention Nausea **Hypoglycaemia** Diarrhoea

Answer 47

A 56-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 4-day history of severe nausea and vomiting that is not responsive to cyclizine or metoclopramide. She has a past medical history of lung cancer with cerebral metastases, for which she is receiving palliative care. After consulting the palliative care team, the decision is made to prescribe a steroid with very high glucocorticoid activity and minimal mineralocorticoid activity. What drug is the patient most likely to have been prescribed? **Dexamethasone** Fludrocortisone Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Prednisolone

Answer 48

A 29-year-old rugby player presents with a vague history of polyuria and polydipsia. He also states he was in hospital 4 months ago for a head injury he received whilst playing rugby. Biochemistry and a water-deprivation test indicate he has central diabetes insipidus. The patient undergoes a pituitary MRI which shows a thickened pituitary stalk, supporting this diagnosis. What medication should be prescribed to this patient? Carbimazole **Desmopressin** Goserelin Indapamide Terlipressin

Answer 49

A 64-year-old man has just been started on dapagliflozin by his GP for better control of his established type 2 diabetes mellitus after a high HbA1c result. Where is the primary site of the action of this drug? Pancreatic acinar cells Pancreatic beta cells Renal cortical collecting duct Renal distal convoluted tubule **Renal proximal convoluted tubule** Dapagliflozin is a reversible sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor that acts on the renal proximal convoluted tubule to reduce glucose reabsorption

Answer 50

A 71-year-old woman, with a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension and stable angina attends an appointment with her family physician for a regular follow-up. She is currently taking insulin glargine, daily aspirin and metoprolol. She reports that she is doing well and is compliant with her medications. She currently lives alone and is able to carry out her activities of daily living. She is a retired primary school teacher and her husband passed away from a stroke 6 years ago. She reports that she is doing well and is compliant with her medications. On examination, she has a heart rate of 61 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 13 breaths per minute and a blood pressure of 123/79 mmHg. Which of the following is a direct action of this lady's metoprolol medication? Dilation of arterioles Decrease in angiotensin I secretion Decrease in angiotensin II secretion **Decrease in renin secretion** Increase in urine excretion

Answer 51

A 21-year-old man is referred by his family physician to a cardiologist after his blood tests have repeatedly revealed abnormally high cholesterol levels. After assessing the patient, the cardiologist notices that there are some yellowish skin nodules around the patient’s Achilles tendon and that the outer region of the patient’s iris appears white. The cardiologist explains to the patient that he has inherited the condition from his biological parents and that the patient’s offspring have a 1 in 2 chances of getting the condition as well even if his female partner does not have it. The patient confirms that he had one paternal uncle who passed away at the age of 31 due to a heart-related condition. The patient is explained that he would need treatment to control his cholesterol levels and to prevent the risk of any future cardiovascular events. Which of the following is the most likely pathology underlying this patient’s condition? Defective apolipoprotein E Overproduction of very low-density lipoprotein Deficiency of lipoprotein lipase **Defective low-density lipoprotein receptors** Deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II

Answer 52

A 63-year-old man is reviewed in the endocrinology clinic. He has been taking metformin and gliclazide for his type II diabetes. His HbA1c is 68 mmol/mol at the appointment today. You decide to start him on empagliflozin as a third agent to try and improve his glycaemic control. Where does this medication act to achieve its mechanism of action? Cellular membranes throughout the body Distal convoluted tubule of the nephron Loop of Henle Pancreatic beta cells **Proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron** The patient here has been started on empagliflozin, which acts as an inhibitor of the SGLT-2 receptor

Answer 53

SGLT2 inhibitors, also called **gliflozins** or **flozins**

Answer 54

A 15-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with an acute exacerbation of asthma. As part of her treatment, she is given salbutamol and ipratropium bromide nebulisers with IV steroids. Salbutamol is a β2 receptor agonist. What metabolic effect can this drug have that you might need to monitor? Hyperkalaemia Hypernatraemia Hypocalcaemia Hyponatraemia **Hypokalaemia**

Answer 55

Which diuretic causes hypercalcemia **Thiazide Diuretics** Loop Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Epithelial Sodium Channel Antagonist Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 56

Which diuretic causes hypocalcemia Thiazide Diuretics **Loop Diuretics** Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Epithelial Sodium Channel Antagonist Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 57

Which diuretics causes hyperkalemia [2] Thiazide Diuretics Loop Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors **Epithelial Sodium Channel Antagonist** **Aldosterone Antagonists**

Answer 58

Which drug class does Tiamterene fall into? Thiazide Diuretics Loop Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors **Epithelial Sodium Channel Antagonist** Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 59

Which of the following causes hyperglycaemia or / and hypercholesterolaemia? **Thiazide Diuretics** Loop Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Epithelial Sodium Channel Antagonist Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 60

Which of the following can cause cardiac tacchyarthmias? Thiazide Diuretics **Loop Diuretics** - due to **hypocalcaemia** Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Epithelial Sodium Channel Antagonist Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 61

Which of the following can cause cardiac tacchyarthmias / seizures due to hypokalaemia? **Thiazide Diuretics** Loop Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Epithelial Sodium Channel Antagonist Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 62

Which thyroid medication is the synthetic form of T4? **Levothyroxine** Carbimazole Propylthiouracil Radioactive iodine

Answer 63

Which thyroid medication inhibits thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thus inhibits T3/4 production Levothyroxine **Carbimazole** Propylthiouracil Radioactive iodine

Answer 64

**Blocks thyroxine deiodinase I** in the **liver** **Blocks thyroxine deiodinase II** in the **periphery** to **stop** **T4 to T3 conversion**

Answer 65

Synthetic cortisol: **Hydrocortisone** Synthetic Aldosterone: **Fludrocortisone**

Answer 66

**Prevent ACh release** at synaptic terminal

Answer 67

Cause detrusor muscle **relaxation**.

Answer 68

Tacrolimus Ciclosporin

Answer 69

Which of the following treatment for diabetes causes increased GLUT 4 expression and increased insulin sensitivity DPP-4 Inhibitors SGLT 2 Inhibitors Metformin **Thiazolidinediones** Sulfonylureas

Answer 70

**Thiazolidinediones** PPAR gamma in adipocytes, stimulation = increased uptake of circulating FA

Answer 71

Which of the following treatment for diabetes increases peripheral glucose uptake, increases insulin sensitivity and inhibits gluconeogenesis DPP-4 Inhibitors SGLT 2 Inhibitors **Metformin** Thiazolidinediones Sulfonylureas

Answer 72

Which of the following treatment for diabetes increases glucose uptake in adipose tissue, increased adipogenesis and decrease circulating lipids DPP-4 Inhibitors SGLT 2 Inhibitors Metformin **Thiazolidinediones** Sulfonylureas

Answer 73

SGLT2 inhibitors work in which part of the kidneys? Glomerulus **Proximal tubule** Distal tubule Collection ducts