MET2 Anatomy1

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Where does the tongue push the food bolus to? [1]

Answer 2

Acceptable responses: Pharynx, Oropharynx

Question 3

Where is a common area for objects, for example, fish bones to lodge in the pharynx? [1]

Answer 3

Piriform fossa

Question 4

Label A-E

Answer 4

A : Right inferior nasal concha
B : Right piriform fossa
C : Spinous process of T1
D : Left epiglottic vallecula
E : Left body of mandible

Question 5

Which of the following is the adenoids?

1
2
3
4
5
6

Answer 5

1 this
2
3
4
5
6

Question 6

Which of the following is the oropharynx?

1
2
3
4
5
6

Answer 6

1
2
3
4
5
6

Question 7

Which of the following is connects the middle ear to the pharnyx?

1
2
3
4
5
6

Answer 7

Which of the following is connects the middle ear to the pharnyx?

1
2: Eustachian tube
3
4
5
6

Question 8

Which of the following is the where food becomes commoly lodged?

1
2
3
4
5
6

Answer 8

Which of the following is the where food becomes commoly lodged?

1
2
3
4
5
6: Piriform fossa

Question 9

Which of the following elevates during swallowing?

1
2
3
4
5
6

Answer 9

1
2
3
4
5
6

Question 10

Which of the following is found at the level of larynx?

1
2
3
4
5
6

Answer 10

1
2
3
4
5
6

Question 11

Name the 4 muscles of mastication [4]

Which bone do theses muscles directly move? [1]

Answer 11

Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid and Later pterygoid.

Move the mandible directly

Question 12

The MRI image below shows parotid adenocarcinoma. Which of the following cranial nerve signs would you expect to see in this patient?

Unilateral facial paralysis
Uvular deviation
Reduced facial sensation
Bitemporal heminaopia

Answer 12

The MRI image below shows parotid adenocarcinoma. Which of the following cranial nerve signs would you expect to see in this patient?

Unilateral facial paralysis
Uvular deviation
Reduced facial sensation
Bitemporal heminaopia

Despite not innervating the Partoid glad the Facial nerve runs through the gland. This relationship is important as swelling or surgery on the parotid gland can compress facial nerve branches

Question 13

The motor innervation for the constrictor muscles is provided by which nerve?

Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)

Answer 13

The motor innervation for the constrictor muscles is provided by which nerve?

Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)

Question 14

When pharyngeal of swallowing occurs, how does the pharynx’s structure change? [2]

Which two muscles cause the larynx to elevate? [2]

Answer 14

The pharynx widens and shortens to receive the bolus of food as the suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract elevating the larynx.

Question 15

Pharyngeal muscle is [] muscle and therefore receives a [] supply.

Answer 15

Pharyngeal muscle is skeletal muscle and therefore receives a somatic supply.

Question 16

As the food bolus is pushed into the pharynx the epiglottis of the larynx is pulled inferiorly to prevent food being aspirated.

Which nerve is responsible for closure of the larynx?

Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Glossopharnygeal nerve
Vagus nerve

Answer 16

As the food bolus is pushed into the pharynx the epiglottis of the larynx is pulled inferiorly to prevent food being aspirated.

Which nerve is responsible for closure of the larynx?

Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Glossopharnygeal nerve
Vagus nerve

As the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid) it is responsible for the closure during swallowing.

Question 17

What are the 3 oesophageal sphincters

Answer 17

• External OS:
• Arch of aorta and left main bronchus pass over the O
• Lower OS

Question 18

Which nerve provides motor supply to the oesophagus? [1]

Answer 18

Acceptable responses: Vagus, Vagus nerve, CN X, X, cranial nerve 10

Question 19

The openings at each end of the inguinal canal are the [] ring and the [] ring.

Answer 19

The openings at each end of the inguinal canal are the deep (internal) ring and the superficial (external) ring.

Question 20

What structure is this arrow pointing at? [1]

Answer 20

Inferior epigastric vessels [1]

Question 21

What does this arrow point to? [1]

Answer 21

Linea alba

Question 22

What structure is found at the mid point of the inguinal ligament?

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Deep inguinal ring
Superficial inguinal ring

Answer 22

What structure is found at the mid point of the inguinal ligament?

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Deep inguinal ring
Superficial inguinal ring

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

What is a patent processus vaginalis?

Answer 24

Patent processus vaginalis:

As the testes descend they pull the peritoneum with them. This leads to an invagination of the peritonum: processus vaginalis

Usually this fibrosus superiorly, leaving a pouch of peritonum in the scrotum (tunica vaginalis).

Sometimes the processes does not fibrose, leaving a patent processus vaginalis.

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Label 1-4

Answer 27

1: Falciform ligament 2: Greater omentum 3: Transverse mesocolon 4: Mesentary

Question 28

LABEL 1-2 & X,Y 1. = this layer of peritoneum is sparsely innervated by X nerves hence produces a dull, poorly localised pain. 2. = this layer of peritoneum richly innervated by Y nerves. This causes a well-localised, sharp pain.

Answer 28

1. **Visceral Pain:** this layer of peritoneum is sparsely innervated by visceral nerves hence produces a dull, poorly localised pain. 2. **Parietal** **Pain**: this layer of peritoneum richly innervated by **somatic** nerves. This causes a well-localised, sharp pain.

Question 29

Visceral afferent fibres carry information in autonomic fibres retrogradely. Pain perceived in an organ corresponds to its embryological development. Name the vert levels where pain would be felt for the following: A: **Foregut** (Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Proximal Duodenum) B: **Midgut** (Distal Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, 2/3rd Transverse Colon) C: **Hindgut** (1/3rd Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum)

Answer 29

Visceral afferent fibres carry information in autonomic fibres retrogradely. Pain perceived in an organ corresponds to its embryological development. Name the vert levels where pain would be felt for the following: A: **Foregut** (Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Proximal Duodenum): **T6-T9** **EPIGASTRIC** B: **Midgut** (Distal Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, 2/3rd Transverse Colon): **T8-T12** **UMBILICAL** C: **Hindgut** (1/3rd Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum): **T12-L2 SUPRAPUBIC**

Question 30

Where would you expect pain from appendicitis to present?

Answer 30

Acceptable responses: umbilical, umbilical region

Question 31

If appendicitis progresses and inflames the parietal peritoneum where would the pain be perceived? [1]

Answer 31

*Acceptable responses: Answer 1, right iliac fossa, lower right quadrant*

Question 32

On the images below, identify the branches of the coeliac trunk that the arrow points to [1]

Answer 32

Hepatic artery

Question 33

On the images below, identify the branches of the coeliac trunk that the arrow points to and note what they are supplying.

Answer 33

Superior pancreaticduodenal

Question 34

On the images below, identify the branches of the coeliac trunk that the arrow points to and note what they are supplying.

Answer 34

Gastroduodenal

Question 35

Answer 35

Hepatic artery proper

Question 36

Answer 36

Right gastric

Question 37

Answer 37

Short gastric

Question 38

Answer 38

Short gastric

Question 39

Answer 39

Right gastroepiploic

Question 40

Which of the following is the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 40

Left: J Right: Ileum

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

What is a volvulus?

Answer 42

Because of its mobility, the sigmoid colon can rotate around its mesentery. This may correct itself spontaneously, or the rotation may continue until the blood supply to the sigmoid colon is completely shut off. The rotation commonly occurs clockwise and is referred to as a volvulus.

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

What is the most common cause of ano-rectal varices? [1]

Answer 44

Portal HTN

Question 45

The rectum and anus are a site of []

Answer 45

The rectum and anus are therefore a site of **portosystemic anastomoses.**

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

The structures in the upper part of the anal canal follow the pattern of the [] (blood supply, nerve supply, venous and lymphatic drainage). Whilst the lower part of the anal canal follows the pattern of [].

Answer 47

The structures in the upper part of the anal canal follow the pattern of the **hindgut** (blood supply, nerve supply, venous and lymphatic drainage). Whilst the lower part of the anal canal follows the pattern of **skin**. THINK ABOUT EMBRYOLOGICAL ORIGINS

Question 48

Haemorrhoids can occur in either the internal or the external anal venous plexus. Which of these locations would be painful? Internal haemorrhoids External haemorrhoids

Answer 48

Haemorrhoids can occur in either the internal or the external anal venous plexus. Which of these locations would be painful? Internal haemorrhoids **External haemorrhoids**

Question 49

Portal HTN can cause varices in which two areas? [2]

Answer 49

Oesophagus Rectum

Question 50

Which CNs supply the following salivary glands: Parotid Submandibular Sublingual

Answer 50

Which CNs supply the following salivary glands: Parotid: **CN IX** Submandibular: **CNVII** Sublingual: **CNVII**

Question 51

Which CNs supply the following salivary glands: Parotid Submandibular Sublingual

Answer 51

Which CNs supply the following salivary glands: Parotid: **CN IX** Submandibular: **CNVII** Sublingual: **CNVII**

Question 52

Which nerve is sensory in the oropharynx? [1] The soft palate is tense and elevated to close the nasopharynx. Which nerve is repsonsible for this? [1]

Answer 52

Which nerve is sensory in the oropharynx? [1] **CN IX** The soft palate is tense and elevated to close the nasopharynx. Which nerve is repsonsible for this? [1] **CN X**

Question 53

What is a hiatus hernia? What is a common cause?

Answer 53

when part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest through an opening ("hiatus") in the diaphragm. The most common cause of a hiatal hernia is an increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity. Your abdominal cavity is the space in the middle of your body that holds several organs, including the: Lower part of the esophagus and stomach. Small intestine, colon and rectum. Liver. Gallbladder, pancreas and spleen. Kidneys. Bladder.

Question 54

What action does the rectus abdominis have? [2]

Answer 54

Flexion of the trunk (forwards) Forced exhalation

Question 55

What are the 3 boundaries of Hesselbachs triangle?

Answer 55

inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessel, and rectus abdominis muscle.

Question 56

What structure would emerge from the superficial inguinal ring in a female OR male? [2]

Answer 56

F: Round ligament M: Spermatic cord

Question 57

Which three structures pass through the epiploic foramen [3]

Answer 57

Hepatic artery proper Portal vein Common Bile duct