Kidney Development Flashcards
Kidneys develop from which embryonic structure? [1]
(intermediate) mesoderm
Intermediate duct develops into which ducts in male [1] and female [1]
Male: Mesonepheric / Wolffian duct
Female: Paramesonephric / Mullerian ducts
What happens to Mesonepheric and Paramesonephric ducts in women as embryo develops? [2]
Female:
* Mesonepheric: dissapears apart from lower end which turns into uteric bud
* Paramesonephric: forms oviduct
What happens to Mesonepheric and Paramesonephric ducts in men as embryo develops? [2]
Male:
* Mesonepheric:
uteric bud
Male reproductive tract
- Paramesonephric: degenerates
KEY In: Male and female [] ducts form embryonic and parts of adult kidney
In: Male and female mesonephric ducts form embryonic and parts of adult kidney
In the embryo, 3 kidneys form:
pronephric, mesonepheric and metanepheric kidneys.
Two are non functional and dissapear
One is functional and remains - Which?
Metanephric kidney
Metanephric kidney develops from [] duct
Metanephric kidney develops from Mesonephric duct
How does the metanephric kidney develops from which two structures? [2]
How? [1]
Uteric bud and fuses with mesenchyme (metanephric bud). Mesenchyme elongates and fuses to collecting tubules to make the excretory system.
Bifurciates to make major calyx.
Bifucates again to make minor calyx
Bifucates x lots to make
During renal development:
- the uteric bud becomes which overall part of kidney?
- the metanephric system becomes which overall part of kidney?
Uteric bud: collecting system (ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyxes, CD)
metanephric system: excretory system (Renal glomerulus -capillaries
Bowman’s capsule. PCT
LoH, DCT)
Describe the ascent of the kidneys during development:
Where do they start from? [1]
Where do they finish? [1]
(Include vert levels)
Describe the ascent of the kidneys during development:
Where do they start from? [1]
Sacral region S1
Where do they finish? [1]
Lumbar region T12
(Include vert levels)
Failure for kidney to ascend is known as an [] kidney
Failure for kidney to ascend is known as an ectopic kidney
Describe what kidney agenesis is [1]
Which structure is kidney agenesis associated with the malformation of? [1]
Describe what kidney agenesis is [1]
Failure of kidney to form
Which structure is kidney agenesis associated with the malformation of? [1]
Uteric bud formation
Prognosis of unilateral kidney agenesis? [1]
Prognosis of bilalteal kidney agenesis? [1]
Prognosis of unilateral kidney agenesis? [1]
Asymopmatic
Prognosis of bilalteal kidney agenesis? [1]
Baby wont survive birth
Why wont babies survive bilateral kidney agenesis? [1]
If kidneys dont develop then effects creation of amniotic fluid (reduced: oligohydramnios)
This causes failure of lung development
What is the consequence of having a bifid ureter? [2]
Ureter splits in two
Duplicate (supernumerary) Kidneys
OR
Duplicate Ureter
What are two types of ectopic kidney? [2]
Pancake kidney: Usually (one) kidney remains in pelvic region
Horseshoe kidney: kidneys fuse in pelvice region and form a single U. Can’t ascend because of IMA
Describe pathophysiology of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
How do cysts grow? [4]
Mutation on polycystin gene: involved in production in primary cilia (ciliopathy)
Primary cilia involved in cell adhesion, calcium transport and cell cycle.
Cysts growth:
- Cysts originates as dilations of intact tubule
- Increased proliferation of cyst epithelium
- Cyst epithelium becomes secretory resulting in increased fluid secretion into lumen of cyst
- Cyst enlarges and loses contact with nephron
