Anatomy of the Liver

Question 1

What are the 4 lobes of the liver? [4]

Answer 1

Right lobe
Left lobe
Quadrant Lobe
Caudate lobe

Question 2

Label A-D

Answer 2

A: Left lobe
B: Right lobe
C: Quadrate lobe
D: Caudate lobe

Question 3

The liver is:

intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal

Answer 3

The liver is:

intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal

Question 4

Which of the following is hepato-renal recess?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 4

Which of the following is hepato-renal recess?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 5

Label A-F

Answer 5

A: Falciform ligament
B: Right subphrenic space
C: epiploic foramen
D: hepato-renal reccess
E
F

Question 5

Label A-F

Answer 5

A: Falciform ligament
B: Right subphrenic space
C: epiploic foramen
D: hepato-renal reccess
E: subphrenic space
F: lesser sac

Question 5

Answer 5

A: Falciform ligament
B: Right subphrenic space
C: epiploic foramen
D: hepato-renal reccess
E
F

Question 6

Label A-C

Answer 6

A: Anterior coronary ligament
B: Falciform Ligament
C: Round ligament of the liver / ligamentum teres

Question 7

Label A-E

Answer 7

A: Right triangular ligament
B: Posterior coronary ligament
C: Left triangular ligament
D: Falciform ligament
E: Anterior coronary ligament

Question 8

Which of the following is the quadrate lobe?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 8

Which of the following is the quadrate lobe?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 9

Which of the following is the ligamentum teres ?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 9

Which of the following is the ligamentum teres ?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 10

Which of the following is the ligamentum venosum ?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 10

Which of the following is the ligamentum venosum ?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 11

Which of the following is the caudate lobe ?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 11

Which of the following is the caudate lobe ?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 12

Which of the following is the portahepatis ?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 12

Which of the following is the lportahepatis?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 13

what is the ductus venosus a shunt between? [2]

Answer 13

umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Question 14

Label A-C

Answer 14

A: Ligamentum venosum
B: Falciform ligament
C: Round ligament of the liver/ Ligamentum teres

Question 15

Within free border of lesser omentum is which three structures? [3]

Answer 15

Within free border of lesser omentum is the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper and the bile duct.

Question 16

Label A-E

Answer 16

A: Hepatic portal vein
B: Hepatic artery
C: Bile duct
D: Bile canalliculi
E: Central vein

Question 17

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by [] , [] and [] , leading to loss of liver function. [3]

What do the sinuses look like? [1]

Answer 17

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue and regenerative nodules leading to loss of liver function.

Wavy sinuses: increases vascular resistance

Question 18

Oesophageal Varices occur at the anastomoses of which two veins? [2]

At the [] junction [1]

Answer 18

left gastric vein with oesophageal veins at Gastro-oesophageal junction

Question 19

Variceal bleeding is the most severe complication of [] and is the second most common cause of mortality among the patients

Answer 19

Variceal bleeding is the most severe complication of cirrhosis and is the second most common cause of mortality among the patients

Question 20

At what vertebral level do the two common iliac veins unite to form the inferior vena cava?

L2
L5
T5
T8

Answer 20

At what vertebral level do the two common iliac veins unite to form the inferior vena cava?

L2
L5
T5
T8

Question 21

Which vein does NOT drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

Left renal vein
Splenic vein
Right hepatic vein
Right testicular vein

Answer 21

Which vein does NOT drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

Left renal vein
Splenic vein
Right hepatic vein
Right testicular vein

The splenic vein drains into the portal system, which in turn empties into the inferior vena cava.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a tributary to the splenic vein?

Short gastric veins
Pancreatic veins
Left gastric vein
Left gastro-omental vein

Answer 22

Which of the following is not a tributary to the splenic vein?

Short gastric veins
Pancreatic veins
Left gastric vein
Left gastro-omental vein

The left gastric vein is a tributary of the portal vein.

Question 23

What does this CT show?

Answer 23

Ascites

Question 24

Explain mech. of portal htn causing ascites

Answer 24

Question 25

Why does hepatic portal HTN cause splenomegaly? [1]

Answer 25

increased HPV pressure causes blood to back up into spleen causing enlargement

Question 26

What causes caput medusae?

Answer 26

portal hypertension leading to re-canalisation of ligamentum teres

Question 27

Answer 27

A: cystic duct B: common hepatic duct C: Right hepatic duct D: Left hepatic duct E: Common bile duct

Question 28

Bile is produced by which cells? [1] Describe the flow of bile from these cells to the gall bladder [2]

Answer 28

bile produced by **hepatocytes** in **sinusoids** and flows through **bile** **canalliculi** into bile ducts R and L hepatic bile ducts > common hepatic duct > gall bladder

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Gall stone in common bile duct causes which symptoms? [2] Why? [1]

Answer 30

**jaundice** with **biliary colic** bile blocked from leaving liver and gall bladder

Question 31

Gall stones in gall bladder causes which symptoms? [1]

Answer 31

often asymptomatic

Question 32

Gall stones in gall bladder causes which symptoms? [1]

Answer 32

often asymptomatic

Question 33

What symptoms would occur from this situ? [2]

Answer 33

Stone blocks bile leaving the gall bladder, when gall bladder contracts, **RUQ pain AND Bilary colic** (Biliary colic happens when the gallbladder contracts and causes a gallstone to temporarily block the duct).

Question 34

What is cholechystitis and what is it caused by? [2]

Answer 34

Acute inflammation of gall bladder: usually caused by gall stone obstructing bile flow

Question 35

Why does jaundice occur if gall stone occurs in common bile duct?

Answer 35

Stone blocks bile leaving the gall bladder and the Liver. So **bilirubin in bile is not able to be broken down** **accumulates in blood** causing **jaundice** and **biliary colic**.

Question 36

What symptoms would occur here? [3]

Answer 36

biliary colic, jaundice and pancreatitis

Question 37

Portosystemic Anastomoses at the Esophagus is made from? [2]

Answer 37

splenic (HPV) and azygous veins (IVC)

Question 38

Caput meduase is caused by htn in anastomoses in which two veins?

Answer 38

Paraumbilical veins (ligamentum teres recanalised) Intercostal and inferior epigastric veins

Question 39

Label A-F

Answer 39

A: splenic artery B: gastroduodenal artery C: hepatic artery proper D: SMA E: SMV F: Hepatic portal vein

Question 40

Label A-C

Answer 40

A: Coronary Ligament B: Right Triangular Ligament C: Left triangular Ligament

Question 41

Answer 41

A: coronary ligaments B: falciforms ligament

Question 42

Which of the following is the hepatic artery proper A B C D E F G H

Answer 42

Which of the following is the hepatic artery proper A B C D E F G **H**

Question 43

Which of the following is the common hepatic duct A B C D E F G H

Answer 43

Which of the following is the common hepatic duct A B C **D** E F G H

Question 44

Which of the following is the hepatic portal vein A B C D E F G H

Answer 44

Which of the following is the hepatic portal vein A B C D E F **G** H

Question 45

Which of the following is the cystic duct A B C D E F G H

Answer 45

Which of the following is the cystic duct A **B** C D E F G H