Mental Illness And Cognitive Disorders Flashcards
What causes disruptive behavior disorders?
Children that come from unstable or dysfunctional families, or are exposed to domestic violence, poverty, and shifting parental figures. Also can be genetics, or biology.
What are the signs and symptoms of disruptive behavior disorders?
Willful disobedience, defiance of authority, and aggression.
How do you treat disruptive behavior disorders?
Cognitive, behavioral psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy: stimulants, atypical antipsychotic medications, mood stabilizers
What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Cause is unknown, but family and twin studies provide evidence of genetic susceptibility, and molecular DNA studies indicate the role of genes.
What are the signs and symptoms of ADHD?
Hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention
How do you treat ADHD?
Cognitive, behavioral psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy: stimulants, atypical antipsychotic medications, certain antidepressants
What causes mental retardation?
Most common biological cause is fragile X syndrome.
What are the symptoms and signs of mental retardation?
Social language deficits, below average intelligence
How do you treat mental retardation?
Behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, social support services
What causes autism?
Genetics, biology, environment, toxins
What are the signs and symptoms of autism?
Reciprocal language deficits, repetitive stereotypical behaviors
How do you treat autism?
Behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, social support services; pharmacotherapy or other supportive care to manage aggression or self injurious behavior
What causes tic disorders?
Result from a neurotransmittertransmitter imbalance. Tourette’s syndrome is a common tic disorder.
What are the signs and symptoms of tic disorders?
Rapid involuntary repetitive movement or vocalization
How do you treat tic disorders?
Behavioral therapy; pharmacotherapy: certain antidepressants or atypical antipsychotic medications
What causes dementia?
Physical insults to high blood pressure, diabetes, strokes, poor nutrition, head injuries, and chronic alcohol intake.
What are the signs and symptoms of dementia?
Language, memory, and mood deficits
How do you treat dementia?
Behavioral, cognitive, family psychotherapy; social supportive care services; pharmacotherapy: memory enhancers, atypical antipsychotic medications, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers.
What causes substance abuse disorders?
Genetics, stressful events, untreated mental illnesses, low self-esteem, depression, and boredom.
What are the symptoms and signs of substance abuse disorders?
Compulsive use, physical and psychological cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal
How do you treat substance abuse disorders?
Behavioral therapy, twelve-step programs supporting abstinence of addiction. Pharmacotherapy: antidepressants, atypical antipsychotic medications, or mood stabilizers.
What causes schizophrenia?
Genetics, biology, environment
What are the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia?
Loss of contact with reality, severe disturbance in social functioning, bizarre thoughts, withdrawal from social interactions, hallucinations, delusions.
How do you treat schizophrenia?
Pharmacotherapy: antipsychotic medications primarily, antidepressants occasionally; behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, social support services
What causes major depression?
Heredity is currently most important predisposing factor of major depression. Stressful life events triggers sadness, but stressful factors alone do not cause major depression. May be related to deficiency of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
What are the symptoms and signs of major depression?
Prolonged sadness, significant changes in sleep and appetite, irritability, feelings of guilt and anxiety
How do you treat major depression?
Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, social supportive care; antidepressants, tranquilizers, sleep aids or sedative medications
What causes bipolar disorder?
Causes are unclear, though genetic, biochemical, and environmental causes have been identified.
What are the symptoms and signs of bipolar disorder?
Mania (episode of elation, inflated sense of self) alternating with depression
How do you treat bipolar disorder?
Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, social supportive care; mood stabilizers, atypical antipsychotic medications, sleep aids or sedating medications
What causes anxiety disorders?
Genetic basis is main cause. Head injuries, overactive thyroid, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, altered regulation of neurotransmitters, and certain medications may cause anxiety disorders.
What are the symptoms and signs of anxiety disorder?
Inappropriate fear response with avoidance of daily work, family, life, school, and recreational activities
What causes eating disorders?
Genetics, social trends, attitudes, and stresses
What are the symptoms and signs of eating disorders?
Anorexia or bulimia
How do you treat eating disorders?
Psychosocial therapy, pharmacotherapy
What causes personality disorders?
The environment around the patient
What are the symptoms and signs of personality disorders?
Inflexible patterns of behavior with strained relationships; may occur with substance use disorders, reckless sexual behavior, eating disorders and violence
How do you treat personality disorders?
Cognitive behavioral therapy, social support, social services; pharmacotherapy for coexisting depression, anxiety, agitation, aggression, delusions, or psychosis
Review questions on page 411
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