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Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach > Diseases Of The Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis?

A

Pain, redness, heat, chills, fever, tachycardia, nausea, weight loss

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2
Q

How do you treat osteomyelitis?

A

Antibiotics, surgery

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3
Q

What causes rickets?

A

Deficiency of vitamin D; such as milk and exposure to sunlight and causes bones to not ossify in childhood

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4
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of rickets?

A

Deformations of bones, knock-knee, bowleg, curved spine, nodular swellings at rib ends and joints, enlarged and square head, flaccid muscles

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5
Q

How do you treat rickets?

A

Vitamin D fortified milk, sunlight, cod liver oil

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6
Q

What causes osteomalacia?

A

Caused by inadequate dietary vitamin D and dietary deficiency of calcium or phosphorus (in adults)

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7
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of osteomalacia?

A

Muscular weakness, weight loss, pain in bones, deformation of bones, easily fractured bones

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8
Q

How do you treat osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D fortified milk, sunshine, cod liver oil, calcium and phosphorus supplements

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9
Q

What causes osteoporosis?

A

Calcium deficiency, and decreased bone density

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10
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of osteoporosis?

A

Decreased height from vertebral compression fractures, curvature of the spine, easily fractured bones

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11
Q

How do you treat osteoporosis?

A

Pain relief, fracture treatment, some medical treatment.

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12
Q

What is Paget’s disease?

A

Results in overproduction of bone, particularly in the skull, vertebrae, and pelvis.

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13
Q

What causes Paget’s disease?

A

It is idiopathic, thought to be genetic

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease?

A

Enlarged skull, nerve compression curvature is in spine, and deformed legs

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15
Q

How do you treat Paget’s disease?

A

Surgical, though it is limited

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16
Q

What causes bone tumors?

A

Idiopathic, commonly metastatic

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of bone tumors?

A

Painless lump in bone tissue, fracture without trauma

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18
Q

How do you treat bone tumors?

A

Surgery

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19
Q

Is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease, is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects several joints in the surrounding muscles. Neutrophils are attracted to the joint space and cause destruction.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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20
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Pain and stiffness in joints, swollen, red, warm joints, bilateral involvement, exacerbation and remission, rheumatoid nodules, crippling deformities, can affect ANY joints

21
Q

How do you treat rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Mild exercise, anti-inflammatories, steroids

22
Q

What are the two different kinds of osteoarthritis?

A

Primary; occurs with normal aging, and secondary; is associated with joint injury, trauma, or obesity.

23
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of osteoarthritis?

A

Aches, pain, stiffness in joints, limited range of motion, muscle weakness around affected joint, enlarged joints, bone spurs; may involve only one joint

24
Q

How do you treat osteoarthritis?

A

Pain relief, mild exercise and rest, heat applications, steroids, surgery

25
Q

What causes gout?

A

Inherited defect in uric acid metabolism leads to higher levels of urate and uric acid deposition in joints. Sometimes follows a minor injury or excessive eating or drinking.

26
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of gout?

A

Severe pain, heat, swelling, redness in affected joint; acute onset

27
Q

How do you treat gout?

A

Analgesics, hot and cold compresses, colchicine, probenecid

28
Q

What causes septic arthritis?

A

Bacterial infection of a joint

29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of septic arthritis?

A

Pain, redness, swelling, bone and joint destruction

30
Q

How do you treat septic arthritis?

A

Antibiotics

31
Q

What causes bursitis?

A

Overuse of a joint

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of bursitis?

A

Pain at a joint, especially during use

33
Q

How do you treat bursitis?

A

Moist heat, analgesics, steroids, rest

34
Q

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Repetitive use of the wrist causes compression of the nerve in the wrist

35
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Numbness and tingling of hand, pain radiating to shoulder, limited finger movement, severe at night

36
Q

How do you treat carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Splinting hand and wrist, surgery

37
Q

What causes muscular dystrophy?

A

Defect in X-linked gene for muscle protein dystrophin

38
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of muscular dystrophy?

A

Weakened muscles, muscles may enlarge as fat is deposited; muscles degenerate

39
Q

How do you treat muscular dystrophy?

A

Physical therapy, orthopedic procedures

40
Q

What causes myasthenia gravis?

A

An auto immune disease in which nerves fail to transmit an impulse for contraction of the muscles. Lack of stimulation and use leads to muscle atrophy and muscle weakness.

41
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of myasthenia gravis?

A

Fatigue, muscle paralysis

42
Q

How do you treat myasthenia gravis?

A

Thymectomy, anticholinesterase drugs, steroids, immune suppression

43
Q

What causes osteomyelitis?

A

An infection by staphylococci are carried by the blood to the bone from some other site in the body, such as infection adjacent to the bone.

43
Q

This disease occurs when bacteria spread to the bones from the lungs. Commonly affects areas at the ends of long bones and knees.

A

Tuberculosis of the bone

44
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of Pott’s disease?

A

Tuberculosis of the vertebrae of children, leading to deformity and paralysis.

45
Q

What is myasthenia gravis primarily affecting?

A

Myoneural junction

46
Q

Review questions on page 434

A

FREEBEE

47
Q

Which endocrine gland has a direct impact on bone function?

A

Parathyroid

Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach (16 decks)

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