Diseases Of The Integumentary System Flashcards
Pruritus
Itching
Erythema
Redness
Macule
Discolored spots on the skin
Wheal
A localized elevation in the skin that is often accompanied by pruritus
Papule
A solid, elevated area on the skin
Nodule
A larger papule
Vesicle
Blister, a small fluid filled sac
Bulla
A larger vesicle
Pustule
Small, elevated lesion filled with pus
Ulcer
An eating away or erosion of the tissue
Two most common types of cyst that occurs under the skin surface. Both are smooth, round lumps just beneath the skin surface. In both cases, the semi fluid contents of the system include keratin.
Epidermoid and Pilar cysts
What causes epidermoid and pilar cysts?
Abnormal cell proliferation; commonly appear on face, neck, chest, and upper back.
What are the signs and symptoms of epidermoid and pilar cysts?
Smooth, round lump just beneath the skin surface
How do you treat epidermoid and pilar cysts?
Removal by excision if required
Is an acute, contagious skin infection caused by staphylococci bacteria. Affects mainly infants and children.
Impetigo
What are the signs and symptoms of impetigo?
Vesicles and pustules that rupture forming a crust, fever, swollen lymph nodes
How do you treat impetigo?
Antibiotics
What is the difference between erysipelas, and cellulitis?
Erysipelas is a superficial infection of the skin, while cellulitis is a deeper infection that extends to the subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococci are most common pathogens responsible for these infections once they break through the skin.
What are the symptoms and signs of erysipelas and cellulitis?
Swollen, bright red, hot, and tender area of the skin, small vesicles, fever, chills, swelling of lymph nodes
How do you treat erysipelas and cellulitis?
Self-limiting, antibiotics
Is a superficial infection of the hair follicles characterized by a erythema and follicular based papules and pustules. Caused by infection with staphylococci.
Folliculitis
How do you treat folliculitis?
Self-limiting, daily cleansing with anti-septic soap, antibiotics
Furuncle
Boils, are deeper infection of the hair follicle
Carbuncle
Clusters of furuncles
What causes herpes?
Herpes virus family
What are the signs and symptoms of herpes?
Small, fluid filled, painful vesicles
How do you treat herpes?
Self-limiting, antiviral drugs
What causes warts (verucca vulgaris)?
Human papillomavirus
What are the signs and symptoms of warts?
Benign neoplasm’s with rough, keratinized surface
How do you treat warts?
Removal by medication, electrocautery, cryosurgery, laser surgery
What causes Tinea?
Contact with the Tinea fungus
What are the signs and symptoms of tinea?
Mild scales, rash, fissures
How do you treat tinea?
Keeping area clean and dry, antifungal medication
A chronic inflammatory skin disorder generally affecting areas of the head and trunk or sebaceous glands are prominent
Seborrheic dermatitis
What causes seborrheic dermatitis?
Unknown
What are the symptoms and signs of seborrheic dermatitis?
Adults: dry or greasy scaling with a variable pruritus.
Infants: thick, yellow crusted scalp lesions
How do you treat seborrheic dermatitis?
Medicated shampoo, antifungal medication, corticosteroids
A fungal infection that is caused by the fungus candida
Candidiasis
What are the signs and symptoms of candidiasis?
Vaginal: White cottage cheese discharge, burning, pruritus, erythema
Oral: Creamy white, painful patches
Cutaneous: Patches of red, moist, we be skin
How do you treat candidiasis?
Antifungal medication
An infestation of lice at different parts of the body; such as the hair, pubic hair, or body
Pediculosis
What are the signs and symptoms of pediculosis?
Pruritus, multiple erythematous papules
How do you treat pediculosis?
Pediculosidal medication
Commonly called “the itch”, is a contagious skin disease usually associated with poor living conditions.
Scabies
What causes scabies?
The parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei
What are the symptoms and signs of scabies?
Pruritus, vesicles, pustules, grayish lines (tunnels)
How do you treat scabies?
Scabicidal medication
Also known as hives, results from a vascular reaction of the skin to an allergen.
Urticaria
What are the signs and symptoms of urticaria?
Wheals with rounded elevations and pale centers, pruritus
How do you treat urticaria?
Corticosteroids, antihistamines, calamine lotion
A broad term covering many different disorders that result in a rash accompanied by pruritus and erythema
Dermatitis
Is localized inflammation of the skin caused by contact with an allergen
Allergic contact dermatitis
What are the symptoms and signs of allergic contact dermatitis?
Rash with erythema, pruritus, burning
How do you treat allergic contact dermatitis?
Corticosteroids, antihistamines
Also known as eczema, is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting 10-15% of children
Atopic dermatitis
What causes atopic dermatitis?
Doctors don’t know the cause, but people who have it usually has many allergic disorders.
What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
Red, dry, crusted patches on the skin
How do you treat atopic dermatitis?
Corticosteroids
An inflammatory skin disease that causes facial erythema. Cause is unknown
Rosacea
What are the symptoms and signs of rosacea?
Flushing, persistent erythema, pustules, telangiectasist
How do you treat rosacea?
Antibiotics, retinoid, laser surgery
A chronic skin disease characterized by scaling and inflammation. Characterized by skin cells that multiply up to 10 times faster than normal.
Psoriasis
What causes psoriasis?
Heredity; too many T cells trigger inflammation
What are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis?
Red lesions with silvery scales
How do you treat psoriasis?
Steroids, coal tar, anthralin, phototherapy, cyclosporine, methotrexate, oral retinoids
A small, dark skin growth that develops from a pigment producing cells or melanocytes. Is a benign tumor
Nevus
How do you treat a Nevus?
Cryosurgery, excision
A benign tumor made of small blood vessels that form a red or purple birthmark.
Hemangioma
How do you treat hemangioma?
Electrosurgery, cryosurgery, laser surgery
The most common skin cancer, a slowly growing and generally non metastasizing tumor. Begins at lowest level of epidermis, the basal later.
Basal cell carcinoma
What causes basal cell carcinoma?
UV radiation damage in DNA
What are the signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma?
Pearly nodule with rolled edges may bleed, form crust
How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
Is more serious than basal cell carcinoma because it grows more rapidly, infiltrates underlying tissues, and metastasizes through the lymphatic system. Develops in the squamous epithelium
Squamous cell carcinoma
What causes squamous cell carcinoma?
UV radiation damaging DNA
What are the signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?
Crusted nodule, ulcerates and bleeds
How do you treat squamous cell carcinoma?
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
Affects more than 90% of adolescents and 25% of adults United States. Begins in sebaceous hair follicles. Old skin cells may lump and form a plug that traps sebum and bacteria inside hair follicle.
Acne (vulgaris)
What causes acne?
Abnormal skin exfoliation, bacteria, hormones, genetic factors
What are the signs and symptoms of acne?
Comedones, papules, pustules, nodules
How do you treat acne?
Topical antibiotics and antibacterials, retinoids, oral antibiotics, oral contraceptives, isotretinoin
A group of genetic conditions that cause a lack of pigment. People with this have visual issues, including rapid eye movement, eyes do not tracked properly, photophobia, decreased visual acuity, or even functional blindness
Albinism
What are the signs and symptoms of albinism?
Absence of melanin
How do you treat albinism?
Improving vision, protecting eyes from the bright light, protecting the skin and eyes from the sun
A loss of melanin resulting in white patches of skin. Usually starts as small areas of pigment loss that spread and become larger with time. Cause is unknown, and there is no cure.
Vitiligo
What are the signs and symptoms of vitiligo?
White, well-demarcated areas of skin without melanin
How do you treat vitiligo?
Corticosteroids, psoralen, UV light treatment, depigmentation therapy, surgical therapy
Also known as macule or freckles, referred to flat spots that are red or light brown and typically appear during the Sunday months and fade in the winter.up here predominately on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun.
Ephelides (Lentigines in older adults)
What causes Ephelides?
Heredity, sun exposures
How do you treat Ephelides?
Bleaching creams, retinoid, cryosurgery, laser treatment
Also known as chloasma, is characterized by patches of darker skin on the face, especially over the cheeks. Cause is unknown but believed to be due to increase in the production of melanin.
Melasma
How do you treat melasma?
Bleaching cream, chemical peels, laser treatment
Usually occur in skin overlying bony projections such as the hips, heels, elbows, and ankles. Constant pressure reduces the blood supply to the area, and the affected tissue dies.
Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)
What are the signs and symptoms of pressure sores?
Reddened area, abrasion, vesicle, superficial ulceration, deep erosion
How do you treat pressure sores?
Eliminate pressure
Areas of the skin that have grown sick in response to repeated pressure and friction and formed to protect the skin. Vary in color from white to gray-yellow, brown, or red. May be painless or tender.
Corns and calluses
How do you treat corns and calluses?
Shaving or cutting off the hardened area on the skin, removal by medication or surgery, surgically removing areas of protruding bone
Damage to the body’s tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation. When tissue burns, fluid leaks into the tissue from the blood vessels, causing edema and pain.
Burns
What are the signs and symptoms of Burns?
First-degree: red, swollen, painful
Second-degree: extremely red, blistered, painful
Third-degree: white or black skin with a leathery reappearance, no pain in the burn area
How do you treat burns?
First-degree: none
Second-degree: antibiotic cream, pain relievers
Third-degree: IV fluids, antibiotics, pain relievers, surgical debridement, grafting
Is an abnormally low body temperature resulting from prolonged exposure to cold air or water. Occurs when more heat escapes from the body than the body can produce.
Hypothermia
What are the symptoms and signs of hypothermia?
Shivering, cold and pale skin, lack of coordination, disorientation, decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, loss of consciousness
How do you treat hypothermia?
Rewarming the victim
What are the signs and symptoms of frostbite?
Pain, numbness, tingling, loss of sensation, blistering, tissue death
How do you treat frostbite?
Rewarming, pain medication, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, surgery
Is a benign overgrowth of the epithelial cells. Most common benign tumor in older individuals.
Seborrheic keratosis
What causes seborrheic keratosis?
Unknown
What are the signs and symptoms of seborrheic keratosis?
Benign lesions with pasted on luck, flat or slightly elevated with a scaly surface, range in size, pruritus
How do you treat seborrheic keratosis?
Not usually necessary, cryosurgery, curettage, electrocautery
Also known as solar keratosis, is a precancerous skin condition caused by exposure to UV radiation.
Actinic keratosis
What are the signs and symptoms of actinic keratosis?
Multiple wartlike lesions
How do you treat actinic keratosis?
Surgery, acid chemical peels, topical chemotherapy
Review questions on page 472
FREEBEE
Damage to the skin caused by freezing due to prolonged exposure to cold conditions. Freezing causes formation of ice crystals within cells, rupturing, and destroying the cells.
Frostbite
