Diseases Of The Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
Pruritus
A
Itching
2
Q
Erythema
A
Redness
3
Q
Macule
A
Discolored spots on the skin
4
Q
Wheal
A
A localized elevation in the skin that is often accompanied by pruritus
5
Q
Papule
A
A solid, elevated area on the skin
6
Q
Nodule
A
A larger papule
7
Q
Vesicle
A
Blister, a small fluid filled sac
8
Q
Bulla
A
A larger vesicle
9
Q
Pustule
A
Small, elevated lesion filled with pus
10
Q
Ulcer
A
An eating away or erosion of the tissue
11
Q
Two most common types of cyst that occurs under the skin surface. Both are smooth, round lumps just beneath the skin surface. In both cases, the semi fluid contents of the system include keratin.
A
Epidermoid and Pilar cysts
12
Q
What causes epidermoid and pilar cysts?
A
Abnormal cell proliferation; commonly appear on face, neck, chest, and upper back.
13
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of epidermoid and pilar cysts?
A
Smooth, round lump just beneath the skin surface
14
Q
How do you treat epidermoid and pilar cysts?
A
Removal by excision if required
15
Q
Is an acute, contagious skin infection caused by staphylococci bacteria. Affects mainly infants and children.
A
Impetigo
16
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of impetigo?
A
Vesicles and pustules that rupture forming a crust, fever, swollen lymph nodes
17
Q
How do you treat impetigo?
A
Antibiotics
18
Q
What is the difference between erysipelas, and cellulitis?
A
Erysipelas is a superficial infection of the skin, while cellulitis is a deeper infection that extends to the subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococci are most common pathogens responsible for these infections once they break through the skin.
19
Q
What are the symptoms and signs of erysipelas and cellulitis?
A
Swollen, bright red, hot, and tender area of the skin, small vesicles, fever, chills, swelling of lymph nodes
20
Q
How do you treat erysipelas and cellulitis?
A
Self-limiting, antibiotics
21
Q
Is a superficial infection of the hair follicles characterized by a erythema and follicular based papules and pustules. Caused by infection with staphylococci.
A
Folliculitis
22
Q
How do you treat folliculitis?
A
Self-limiting, daily cleansing with anti-septic soap, antibiotics
23
Q
Furuncle
A
Boils, are deeper infection of the hair follicle
24
Q
Carbuncle
A
Clusters of furuncles
25
What causes herpes?
Herpes virus family
26
What are the signs and symptoms of herpes?
Small, fluid filled, painful vesicles
27
How do you treat herpes?
Self-limiting, antiviral drugs
28
What causes warts (verucca vulgaris)?
Human papillomavirus
29
What are the signs and symptoms of warts?
Benign neoplasm's with rough, keratinized surface
30
How do you treat warts?
Removal by medication, electrocautery, cryosurgery, laser surgery
31
What causes Tinea?
Contact with the Tinea fungus
32
What are the signs and symptoms of tinea?
Mild scales, rash, fissures
33
How do you treat tinea?
Keeping area clean and dry, antifungal medication
34
A chronic inflammatory skin disorder generally affecting areas of the head and trunk or sebaceous glands are prominent
Seborrheic dermatitis
35
What causes seborrheic dermatitis?
Unknown
36
What are the symptoms and signs of seborrheic dermatitis?
Adults: dry or greasy scaling with a variable pruritus.
Infants: thick, yellow crusted scalp lesions
37
How do you treat seborrheic dermatitis?
Medicated shampoo, antifungal medication, corticosteroids
38
A fungal infection that is caused by the fungus candida
Candidiasis
38
What are the signs and symptoms of candidiasis?
Vaginal: White cottage cheese discharge, burning, pruritus, erythema
Oral: Creamy white, painful patches
Cutaneous: Patches of red, moist, we be skin
39
How do you treat candidiasis?
Antifungal medication
40
An infestation of lice at different parts of the body; such as the hair, pubic hair, or body
Pediculosis
41
What are the signs and symptoms of pediculosis?
Pruritus, multiple erythematous papules
42
How do you treat pediculosis?
Pediculosidal medication
43
Commonly called "the itch", is a contagious skin disease usually associated with poor living conditions.
Scabies
44
What causes scabies?
The parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei
45
What are the symptoms and signs of scabies?
Pruritus, vesicles, pustules, grayish lines (tunnels)
46
How do you treat scabies?
Scabicidal medication
47
Also known as hives, results from a vascular reaction of the skin to an allergen.
Urticaria
48
What are the signs and symptoms of urticaria?
Wheals with rounded elevations and pale centers, pruritus
49
How do you treat urticaria?
Corticosteroids, antihistamines, calamine lotion
50
A broad term covering many different disorders that result in a rash accompanied by pruritus and erythema
Dermatitis
51
Is localized inflammation of the skin caused by contact with an allergen
Allergic contact dermatitis
52
What are the symptoms and signs of allergic contact dermatitis?
Rash with erythema, pruritus, burning
53
How do you treat allergic contact dermatitis?
Corticosteroids, antihistamines
54
Also known as eczema, is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting 10-15% of children
Atopic dermatitis
55
What causes atopic dermatitis?
Doctors don't know the cause, but people who have it usually has many allergic disorders.
56
What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
Red, dry, crusted patches on the skin
57
How do you treat atopic dermatitis?
Corticosteroids
58
An inflammatory skin disease that causes facial erythema. Cause is unknown
Rosacea
59
What are the symptoms and signs of rosacea?
Flushing, persistent erythema, pustules, telangiectasist
60
How do you treat rosacea?
Antibiotics, retinoid, laser surgery
61
A chronic skin disease characterized by scaling and inflammation. Characterized by skin cells that multiply up to 10 times faster than normal.
Psoriasis
62
What causes psoriasis?
Heredity; too many T cells trigger inflammation
63
What are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis?
Red lesions with silvery scales
64
How do you treat psoriasis?
Steroids, coal tar, anthralin, phototherapy, cyclosporine, methotrexate, oral retinoids
65
A small, dark skin growth that develops from a pigment producing cells or melanocytes. Is a benign tumor
Nevus
66
How do you treat a Nevus?
Cryosurgery, excision
67
A benign tumor made of small blood vessels that form a red or purple birthmark.
Hemangioma
68
How do you treat hemangioma?
Electrosurgery, cryosurgery, laser surgery
69
The most common skin cancer, a slowly growing and generally non metastasizing tumor. Begins at lowest level of epidermis, the basal later.
Basal cell carcinoma
70
What causes basal cell carcinoma?
UV radiation damage in DNA
71
What are the signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma?
Pearly nodule with rolled edges may bleed, form crust
72
How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
73
Is more serious than basal cell carcinoma because it grows more rapidly, infiltrates underlying tissues, and metastasizes through the lymphatic system. Develops in the squamous epithelium
Squamous cell carcinoma
74
What causes squamous cell carcinoma?
UV radiation damaging DNA
75
What are the signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?
Crusted nodule, ulcerates and bleeds
76
How do you treat squamous cell carcinoma?
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
77
Affects more than 90% of adolescents and 25% of adults United States. Begins in sebaceous hair follicles. Old skin cells may lump and form a plug that traps sebum and bacteria inside hair follicle.
Acne (vulgaris)
78
What causes acne?
Abnormal skin exfoliation, bacteria, hormones, genetic factors
79
What are the signs and symptoms of acne?
Comedones, papules, pustules, nodules
80
How do you treat acne?
Topical antibiotics and antibacterials, retinoids, oral antibiotics, oral contraceptives, isotretinoin
81
A group of genetic conditions that cause a lack of pigment. People with this have visual issues, including rapid eye movement, eyes do not tracked properly, photophobia, decreased visual acuity, or even functional blindness
Albinism
82
What are the signs and symptoms of albinism?
Absence of melanin
83
How do you treat albinism?
Improving vision, protecting eyes from the bright light, protecting the skin and eyes from the sun
84
A loss of melanin resulting in white patches of skin. Usually starts as small areas of pigment loss that spread and become larger with time. Cause is unknown, and there is no cure.
Vitiligo
85
What are the signs and symptoms of vitiligo?
White, well-demarcated areas of skin without melanin
86
How do you treat vitiligo?
Corticosteroids, psoralen, UV light treatment, depigmentation therapy, surgical therapy
87
Also known as macule or freckles, referred to flat spots that are red or light brown and typically appear during the Sunday months and fade in the winter.up here predominately on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun.
Ephelides (Lentigines in older adults)
88
What causes Ephelides?
Heredity, sun exposures
89
How do you treat Ephelides?
Bleaching creams, retinoid, cryosurgery, laser treatment
90
Also known as chloasma, is characterized by patches of darker skin on the face, especially over the cheeks. Cause is unknown but believed to be due to increase in the production of melanin.
Melasma
91
How do you treat melasma?
Bleaching cream, chemical peels, laser treatment
92
Usually occur in skin overlying bony projections such as the hips, heels, elbows, and ankles. Constant pressure reduces the blood supply to the area, and the affected tissue dies.
Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)
93
What are the signs and symptoms of pressure sores?
Reddened area, abrasion, vesicle, superficial ulceration, deep erosion
94
How do you treat pressure sores?
Eliminate pressure
95
Areas of the skin that have grown sick in response to repeated pressure and friction and formed to protect the skin. Vary in color from white to gray-yellow, brown, or red. May be painless or tender.
Corns and calluses
96
How do you treat corns and calluses?
Shaving or cutting off the hardened area on the skin, removal by medication or surgery, surgically removing areas of protruding bone
97
Damage to the body's tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation. When tissue burns, fluid leaks into the tissue from the blood vessels, causing edema and pain.
Burns
98
What are the signs and symptoms of Burns?
First-degree: red, swollen, painful
Second-degree: extremely red, blistered, painful
Third-degree: white or black skin with a leathery reappearance, no pain in the burn area
99
How do you treat burns?
First-degree: none
Second-degree: antibiotic cream, pain relievers
Third-degree: IV fluids, antibiotics, pain relievers, surgical debridement, grafting
100
Is an abnormally low body temperature resulting from prolonged exposure to cold air or water. Occurs when more heat escapes from the body than the body can produce.
Hypothermia
101
What are the symptoms and signs of hypothermia?
Shivering, cold and pale skin, lack of coordination, disorientation, decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, loss of consciousness
102
How do you treat hypothermia?
Rewarming the victim
104
What are the signs and symptoms of frostbite?
Pain, numbness, tingling, loss of sensation, blistering, tissue death
105
How do you treat frostbite?
Rewarming, pain medication, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, surgery
106
Is a benign overgrowth of the epithelial cells. Most common benign tumor in older individuals.
Seborrheic keratosis
107
What causes seborrheic keratosis?
Unknown
108
What are the signs and symptoms of seborrheic keratosis?
Benign lesions with pasted on luck, flat or slightly elevated with a scaly surface, range in size, pruritus
109
How do you treat seborrheic keratosis?
Not usually necessary, cryosurgery, curettage, electrocautery
110
Also known as solar keratosis, is a precancerous skin condition caused by exposure to UV radiation.
Actinic keratosis
111
What are the signs and symptoms of actinic keratosis?
Multiple wartlike lesions
112
How do you treat actinic keratosis?
Surgery, acid chemical peels, topical chemotherapy
113
Review questions on page 472
FREEBEE
115
Damage to the skin caused by freezing due to prolonged exposure to cold conditions. Freezing causes formation of ice crystals within cells, rupturing, and destroying the cells.
Frostbite
