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Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach > Diseases Of The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

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2
Q

Erythema

A

Redness

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3
Q

Macule

A

Discolored spots on the skin

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4
Q

Wheal

A

A localized elevation in the skin that is often accompanied by pruritus

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5
Q

Papule

A

A solid, elevated area on the skin

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6
Q

Nodule

A

A larger papule

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7
Q

Vesicle

A

Blister, a small fluid filled sac

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8
Q

Bulla

A

A larger vesicle

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9
Q

Pustule

A

Small, elevated lesion filled with pus

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10
Q

Ulcer

A

An eating away or erosion of the tissue

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11
Q

Two most common types of cyst that occurs under the skin surface. Both are smooth, round lumps just beneath the skin surface. In both cases, the semi fluid contents of the system include keratin.

A

Epidermoid and Pilar cysts

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12
Q

What causes epidermoid and pilar cysts?

A

Abnormal cell proliferation; commonly appear on face, neck, chest, and upper back.

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of epidermoid and pilar cysts?

A

Smooth, round lump just beneath the skin surface

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14
Q

How do you treat epidermoid and pilar cysts?

A

Removal by excision if required

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15
Q

Is an acute, contagious skin infection caused by staphylococci bacteria. Affects mainly infants and children.

A

Impetigo

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of impetigo?

A

Vesicles and pustules that rupture forming a crust, fever, swollen lymph nodes

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17
Q

How do you treat impetigo?

A

Antibiotics

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18
Q

What is the difference between erysipelas, and cellulitis?

A

Erysipelas is a superficial infection of the skin, while cellulitis is a deeper infection that extends to the subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococci are most common pathogens responsible for these infections once they break through the skin.

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19
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of erysipelas and cellulitis?

A

Swollen, bright red, hot, and tender area of the skin, small vesicles, fever, chills, swelling of lymph nodes

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20
Q

How do you treat erysipelas and cellulitis?

A

Self-limiting, antibiotics

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21
Q

Is a superficial infection of the hair follicles characterized by a erythema and follicular based papules and pustules. Caused by infection with staphylococci.

A

Folliculitis

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22
Q

How do you treat folliculitis?

A

Self-limiting, daily cleansing with anti-septic soap, antibiotics

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23
Q

Furuncle

A

Boils, are deeper infection of the hair follicle

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24
Q

Carbuncle

A

Clusters of furuncles

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25
Q

What causes herpes?

A

Herpes virus family

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26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of herpes?

A

Small, fluid filled, painful vesicles

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27
Q

How do you treat herpes?

A

Self-limiting, antiviral drugs

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28
Q

What causes warts (verucca vulgaris)?

A

Human papillomavirus

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29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of warts?

A

Benign neoplasm’s with rough, keratinized surface

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30
Q

How do you treat warts?

A

Removal by medication, electrocautery, cryosurgery, laser surgery

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31
Q

What causes Tinea?

A

Contact with the Tinea fungus

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32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tinea?

A

Mild scales, rash, fissures

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33
Q

How do you treat tinea?

A

Keeping area clean and dry, antifungal medication

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34
Q

A chronic inflammatory skin disorder generally affecting areas of the head and trunk or sebaceous glands are prominent

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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35
Q

What causes seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Unknown

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36
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Adults: dry or greasy scaling with a variable pruritus.
Infants: thick, yellow crusted scalp lesions

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37
Q

How do you treat seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Medicated shampoo, antifungal medication, corticosteroids

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38
Q

A fungal infection that is caused by the fungus candida

A

Candidiasis

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38
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of candidiasis?

A

Vaginal: White cottage cheese discharge, burning, pruritus, erythema
Oral: Creamy white, painful patches
Cutaneous: Patches of red, moist, we be skin

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39
Q

How do you treat candidiasis?

A

Antifungal medication

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40
Q

An infestation of lice at different parts of the body; such as the hair, pubic hair, or body

A

Pediculosis

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41
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pediculosis?

A

Pruritus, multiple erythematous papules

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42
Q

How do you treat pediculosis?

A

Pediculosidal medication

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43
Q

Commonly called “the itch”, is a contagious skin disease usually associated with poor living conditions.

A

Scabies

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44
Q

What causes scabies?

A

The parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei

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45
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of scabies?

A

Pruritus, vesicles, pustules, grayish lines (tunnels)

46
Q

How do you treat scabies?

A

Scabicidal medication

47
Q

Also known as hives, results from a vascular reaction of the skin to an allergen.

A

Urticaria

48
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of urticaria?

A

Wheals with rounded elevations and pale centers, pruritus

49
Q

How do you treat urticaria?

A

Corticosteroids, antihistamines, calamine lotion

50
Q

A broad term covering many different disorders that result in a rash accompanied by pruritus and erythema

A

Dermatitis

51
Q

Is localized inflammation of the skin caused by contact with an allergen

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

52
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Rash with erythema, pruritus, burning

53
Q

How do you treat allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Corticosteroids, antihistamines

54
Q

Also known as eczema, is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting 10-15% of children

A

Atopic dermatitis

55
Q

What causes atopic dermatitis?

A

Doctors don’t know the cause, but people who have it usually has many allergic disorders.

56
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis?

A

Red, dry, crusted patches on the skin

57
Q

How do you treat atopic dermatitis?

A

Corticosteroids

58
Q

An inflammatory skin disease that causes facial erythema. Cause is unknown

A

Rosacea

59
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of rosacea?

A

Flushing, persistent erythema, pustules, telangiectasist

60
Q

How do you treat rosacea?

A

Antibiotics, retinoid, laser surgery

61
Q

A chronic skin disease characterized by scaling and inflammation. Characterized by skin cells that multiply up to 10 times faster than normal.

A

Psoriasis

62
Q

What causes psoriasis?

A

Heredity; too many T cells trigger inflammation

63
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis?

A

Red lesions with silvery scales

64
Q

How do you treat psoriasis?

A

Steroids, coal tar, anthralin, phototherapy, cyclosporine, methotrexate, oral retinoids

65
Q

A small, dark skin growth that develops from a pigment producing cells or melanocytes. Is a benign tumor

A

Nevus

66
Q

How do you treat a Nevus?

A

Cryosurgery, excision

67
Q

A benign tumor made of small blood vessels that form a red or purple birthmark.

A

Hemangioma

68
Q

How do you treat hemangioma?

A

Electrosurgery, cryosurgery, laser surgery

69
Q

The most common skin cancer, a slowly growing and generally non metastasizing tumor. Begins at lowest level of epidermis, the basal later.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

70
Q

What causes basal cell carcinoma?

A

UV radiation damage in DNA

71
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Pearly nodule with rolled edges may bleed, form crust

72
Q

How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?

A

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation

73
Q

Is more serious than basal cell carcinoma because it grows more rapidly, infiltrates underlying tissues, and metastasizes through the lymphatic system. Develops in the squamous epithelium

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

74
Q

What causes squamous cell carcinoma?

A

UV radiation damaging DNA

75
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Crusted nodule, ulcerates and bleeds

76
Q

How do you treat squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation

77
Q

Affects more than 90% of adolescents and 25% of adults United States. Begins in sebaceous hair follicles. Old skin cells may lump and form a plug that traps sebum and bacteria inside hair follicle.

A

Acne (vulgaris)

78
Q

What causes acne?

A

Abnormal skin exfoliation, bacteria, hormones, genetic factors

79
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acne?

A

Comedones, papules, pustules, nodules

80
Q

How do you treat acne?

A

Topical antibiotics and antibacterials, retinoids, oral antibiotics, oral contraceptives, isotretinoin

81
Q

A group of genetic conditions that cause a lack of pigment. People with this have visual issues, including rapid eye movement, eyes do not tracked properly, photophobia, decreased visual acuity, or even functional blindness

A

Albinism

82
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of albinism?

A

Absence of melanin

83
Q

How do you treat albinism?

A

Improving vision, protecting eyes from the bright light, protecting the skin and eyes from the sun

84
Q

A loss of melanin resulting in white patches of skin. Usually starts as small areas of pigment loss that spread and become larger with time. Cause is unknown, and there is no cure.

A

Vitiligo

85
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of vitiligo?

A

White, well-demarcated areas of skin without melanin

86
Q

How do you treat vitiligo?

A

Corticosteroids, psoralen, UV light treatment, depigmentation therapy, surgical therapy

87
Q

Also known as macule or freckles, referred to flat spots that are red or light brown and typically appear during the Sunday months and fade in the winter.up here predominately on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun.

A

Ephelides (Lentigines in older adults)

88
Q

What causes Ephelides?

A

Heredity, sun exposures

89
Q

How do you treat Ephelides?

A

Bleaching creams, retinoid, cryosurgery, laser treatment

90
Q

Also known as chloasma, is characterized by patches of darker skin on the face, especially over the cheeks. Cause is unknown but believed to be due to increase in the production of melanin.

A

Melasma

91
Q

How do you treat melasma?

A

Bleaching cream, chemical peels, laser treatment

92
Q

Usually occur in skin overlying bony projections such as the hips, heels, elbows, and ankles. Constant pressure reduces the blood supply to the area, and the affected tissue dies.

A

Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)

93
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pressure sores?

A

Reddened area, abrasion, vesicle, superficial ulceration, deep erosion

94
Q

How do you treat pressure sores?

A

Eliminate pressure

95
Q

Areas of the skin that have grown sick in response to repeated pressure and friction and formed to protect the skin. Vary in color from white to gray-yellow, brown, or red. May be painless or tender.

A

Corns and calluses

96
Q

How do you treat corns and calluses?

A

Shaving or cutting off the hardened area on the skin, removal by medication or surgery, surgically removing areas of protruding bone

97
Q

Damage to the body’s tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation. When tissue burns, fluid leaks into the tissue from the blood vessels, causing edema and pain.

A

Burns

98
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Burns?

A

First-degree: red, swollen, painful
Second-degree: extremely red, blistered, painful
Third-degree: white or black skin with a leathery reappearance, no pain in the burn area

99
Q

How do you treat burns?

A

First-degree: none
Second-degree: antibiotic cream, pain relievers
Third-degree: IV fluids, antibiotics, pain relievers, surgical debridement, grafting

100
Q

Is an abnormally low body temperature resulting from prolonged exposure to cold air or water. Occurs when more heat escapes from the body than the body can produce.

A

Hypothermia

101
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of hypothermia?

A

Shivering, cold and pale skin, lack of coordination, disorientation, decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, loss of consciousness

102
Q

How do you treat hypothermia?

A

Rewarming the victim

104
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of frostbite?

A

Pain, numbness, tingling, loss of sensation, blistering, tissue death

105
Q

How do you treat frostbite?

A

Rewarming, pain medication, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, surgery

106
Q

Is a benign overgrowth of the epithelial cells. Most common benign tumor in older individuals.

A

Seborrheic keratosis

107
Q

What causes seborrheic keratosis?

A

Unknown

108
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of seborrheic keratosis?

A

Benign lesions with pasted on luck, flat or slightly elevated with a scaly surface, range in size, pruritus

109
Q

How do you treat seborrheic keratosis?

A

Not usually necessary, cryosurgery, curettage, electrocautery

110
Q

Also known as solar keratosis, is a precancerous skin condition caused by exposure to UV radiation.

A

Actinic keratosis

111
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of actinic keratosis?

A

Multiple wartlike lesions

112
Q

How do you treat actinic keratosis?

A

Surgery, acid chemical peels, topical chemotherapy

113
Q

Review questions on page 472

A

FREEBEE

115
Q

Damage to the skin caused by freezing due to prolonged exposure to cold conditions. Freezing causes formation of ice crystals within cells, rupturing, and destroying the cells.

A

Frostbite

Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach (16 decks)

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