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NURS 373 > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 components of the mental health “puzzle”?

A

cognition
behaviour
appearance
thoughts

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2
Q

what are the components of the mental status exam?

A

ASEPTIC

appearance
speech
emotion
perception
thoughts
insights
cognition

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3
Q

how do we assess appearance?

A

grooming
facial expression
dress
tattoos
piercings
scars
age
body build
position
affect

psychomotor
- gait
- pacing
- crying
- withdrawn
- angry
- eye contact

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4
Q

how do we assess speech?

A

rate
amount
tone
volume
slurred
incoherent
stuttering
mute

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5
Q

how do we assess perception?

A

hallucinations
illusions
depersonalizations
derealization
how do they view themselves and others?

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6
Q

how do we assess thoughts?

A

content
- suicidal
- homicidal
- guilt
- worthlessness
- hopelessness
- obsessions
- phobias
- delusions

process
- choherence
- logical
- tangents
- attention

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7
Q

how do we assess insights?

A

what are their insights into illness and treatment?
(ie. do they understand that they’re sick and need help)?

judgment

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8
Q

how do we assess cognition?

A

LOC
orientation
attention
memory

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9
Q

what is mental health?

A

ability to process information

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10
Q

what is emotional health?

A

ability to express feelings

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11
Q

what is behavioural health?

A

what a person does

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12
Q

what are some risk factors for mental health disorders?

A

trauma
lack of environmental safety and stability
toxic stress
adverse childhood events
genetics
lack of access to resources
comorbidities

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13
Q

what is the nurse’s main role? how can you achieve this?

A

supporting healthy child development
- help them find words to express their feelings
- safety and stability
- early intervention to prevent long-term issues

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14
Q

mental health disorders are often dependent on _________________ and ____________________

A

environmental safety and stability

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15
Q

adolescents tend to lack ______________. why?

A

lack impulse control
- more likely to act on their suicidal ideation
- can’t see that things will get better

frontal lobe is not fully developed until 25

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16
Q

what are the different types of anxiety?

A

general
obsessive compulsive
separation
phobia
panic
PTSD

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17
Q

what are some symptoms of anxiety?

A

Difficulty concentrating
Irritable
Unusually upset
Difficulty sleeping
Unusually tired
Alexithymia

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18
Q

what is alexithymia?

A

difficulty feeling and describe eemotions

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19
Q

what is the primary goal of nursing care for anxiety?

A

resume typical activities appropriate to development

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20
Q

what symptoms should be assessed for an anxiety assessment?

A

mental
behavioural
emotional

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21
Q

what are some questions you might ask during an assessment for anxiety?

A

“When you feel overwhelmed do you think about hurting yourself?”

“Is there something in particular, or a situation that makes you feel afraid?”

“Do these worries affect your sleep, performance at school or relationships with family and friends?”

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22
Q

what are some coping strategies for anxiety?

A

relaxation techniques
play
discuss feelings

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23
Q

what are some interventions for anxiety?

A

cognitive behavioural therapy
medication

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24
Q

what is temporary depression?

A

acute
caused by a traumatic event

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25
what is the most common type of depression in children?
temporary
26
what is chronic depression?
often accompanies chronic illness family circumstances history of disruptions in relationship
27
what are some behavioural symptoms of depression?
sad expression lack of play withdrawn low grades crying clingy aggressive/disruptive
28
what are some emotional signs of depression?
low self-esteem hopelessness guilt lack of interest
29
what are some mental/cognitive signs of depression?
lack of concentration slow cognitive processing suicidal all or nothing thoughts
30
what are some questions you might ask during an assessment for depression?
“Did your sad mood start right after a stressful event?” “Have you felt really down, depressed, or uninterested in things you used to enjoy?” “Have you been using drugs or alcohol?”
31
what are some questions you mights ask during an assessment for suicide risk?
“Have you been thinking about harming yourself?” “Have you ever hurt yourself or attempted suicide?” “Do you have any plans to hurt yourself?”
32
what are the interventions for depression?
cognitive behaviour therapy medication (antidepressants) environmental support
33
what is a risk associated with antidepressants?
increased risk of suicidal ideation
34
why do we often see improvement and decreased anxiety once the child is admitted?
coming from an unstable environment lack of support at home safety not alone - surrounded by people who are also sick - feel normal and accepted no phones/social media
35
what is suicide?
deliberate act of self-injury with intent of death
36
what is the 2nd leading cause of death in adolescents?
suicide
37
what are some warnings signs for suicide?
Talk of desire to die Loss of energy and interest Irritable, argumentative, reckless Antisocial Poor academic performance Sad or flat affect Feel worthless Change in appetite
38
what are the high risk populations for suicide?
LGBTQ+ Indigenous lack support from family
39
what are some risk factors for suicide?
social isolation depression substance abuse impulsive formulated plan previous attempt family history medical illness life altering events access to toxins and firearms
40
what is suicidal ideation?
preoccupation with suicidal thoughts
41
what is suicide attempt?
intended to cause death or serious injury
42
what is parasuicide?
gesture or serious attempts to kill oneself
43
how can we prevent risk of suicide?
encourage and support healthy child development and supportive relationships
44
youth who express suicidal feelings and have a specific plan should be _________________________________
monitored at all times
45
cannabis increases risk of ____________
schizophrenia
46
what is one of the most successful interventions for substance abuse?
peer led programs - focus on immediate consequences - hearing from others they can relate to
47
what is an INEFFECTIVE intervention for substance abuse?
focusing on long-term effects
48
what are some questions you might ask during an assessment for substance abuse?
How has using affected your mood or anxiety? Do you ever smoke, drink or use drugs when you are alone? What is it like for you when you are drunk or high?
49
nursing care for substance abuse should focus on promoting skills for what?
parenting socializing distractible children academic performance resisting peer pressure
50
what are some risk factors for eating disorders?
Relationships with caregivers and peers Stress Adverse events Digestive tract changes
51
how do eating disorders often start?
Often starts as “feeling sick” when they eat certain foods This is misunderstood by many parents
52
what are the characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa?
Turns away from food to cope Introverted Avoid intimacy Negate feminine role “Model” child Obsessive-compulsive High achiever Rigid Distorted Deny illness Body weight < 85% of normal Usually not sexually active
53
What are the characteristics of bulimia?
Turns to food to cope Extroverted Seek intimacy Aspire to feminine role Acts out Impulsive Variable Lose control Less frequent distortion Recognize illness Health fluctuates Within 5-15 Ib of normal May be overweight Often sexually active
54
what are some questions you might ask during an assessment for an eating disorder?
“How would you describe your appearance?” “Are there aspects of your appearance you’re dissatisfied with?” “Do you feel guilty after eating?”
55
what are some physical side effects of EDs?
UTI electrolyte imbalance
56
what does refeeding syndrome cause?
hyperphosphatemia
57
why are EDs so difficult to care for?
very structured manipulative controlling require strict supervision
58
what are the 3 goals of treatment for EDs?
1) normal nutrition or reverse malnutrition 2) resolve disturbed family relationships 3) psychotherapy to improve physiological function
59
why might cognitive behavioural therapy be ineffective for EDs?
brain is starving have to nourish the brain before therapy will be effective
60
children tend to develop ____________________ when trying to cope with cognitive dysfunction
maladaptive behaviours
61
what are some examples of maladaptive behaviours that children might develop when trying to cope with cognitive dysfunction?
socially challenging behaviours inattention impulsiveness hyperactivity ADHD learning disorders
62
what ACE score would indicate increased risk for mental health issues?
4
63
what is alexthymia?
difficulty identifying and expressing emotions
64
HEADSS Assessment
Home Education Activities Drugs Sexual activity Suicide
65
anorexia vs bulimia - COPING
Anorexia: turn away from food Bulimia: turn towards food
66
anorexia vs bulimia - PERSONALITY
Anorexia - introverted - avoid intimacy - negate feminine role Bulimia - extroverted - seek intimacy - aspire to feminine role
67
anorexia vs bulimia - BEHAVIOUR
Anorexia - model child - obsessive compulsive Bulimia - act out - impulsive
68
anorexia vs bulimia - ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Anorexia: high achievers Bulimia: variable
69
anorexia vs bulimia - CONTROL
Anorexia: rigid Bulimia: lose control
70
anorexia vs bulimia - BODY IMAGE
Anorexia: distorted Bulimia: less distortion
71
anorexia vs bulimia - WEIGHT
Anorexia: < 85% of normal Bulimia: 5-15 Ibs within normal
72
what are the common side effects seen with eating disorders?
UTIs vital signs electrolyte imbalances
73
what are the 3 goals for ED treatment?
1. reinstitution of normal nutrition and resolve malnutrition 2. resolve disturbed family interactions 3. psychotherapy to correct psychological function

NURS 373 (22 decks)

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